1. Napoleon’s Fall and Europe’s Reaction
Preview
Main Idea / Reading Focus
Disaster and Defeat
Map: Russian Campaign,1812
The Last Campaigns
The Congress of Vienna
Map: Europe after the Congress of Vienna

2. Napoleon’s Fall and Europe’s Reaction
Preview, continued
The Revolution’s Legacy
Faces of History: Prince Klemens von Metternich
Visual Study Guide / Quick Facts
Video: The Impact of the French Revolution

3. Napoleon’s Fall and Europe’s Reaction
Main Idea
After defeating Napoleon, the European allies sent him into exile and held a meeting in Vienna to restore order and stability to Europe.
Reading Focus
What events caused disaster and defeat for Napoleon?
What were Napoleon’s last campaigns?
What did the Congress of Vienna achieve?
What is the legacy of the French Revolution?

4. Disaster and Defeat Portugal Russia Costly Mistake
Napoleon surprised by inability to control Portugal
Peninsular campaign was a failure
Russia
Czar Nicholas I didn’t like French troops on western border
Russia hurt by Continental System; country needed imports
Costly Mistake
Napoleon turned east in 1812
Hoped to teach Russia a lesson

6. The Russian Campaign June 1812 French Army No One to Fight
Napoleon and army of 600,000 troops
Marched across Russian border
French Army
New recruits with no loyalty
Supplies lost or spoiled
Disease, desertion, and hunger
No One to Fight
Russian troops pulled east
French victory at Borodino, but Russian army still strong
Pushed to Moscow but found city in flames
Retreat Homeward
Ruined city, no winter supplies
Starvation and freezing temperatures decimated army
Only 94,000 men survived

7. Defeat and Exile to Elba
Russia, Prussia, Austria, and Great Britain allied against France
Napoleon raised another army, but troops inexperienced
In October 1813 Napoleon defeated at Battle of the Nations near Leipzig
In March 1814, victorious allies entered Paris.
Terms of surrender—Napoleon gave up throne and went into exile on tiny island of Elba

8. Identify Cause and Effect
What factors contributed to Napoleon’s failure in Russia?
Answer(s): soldiers lacked loyalty to Napoleon, extreme heat, supplies lost or spoiled, disease, desertion, hunger, Russian troops withdrew, harsh Russian winter

9. The Last Campaigns The Hundred Days
French monarchy restored with King Louis XVIII
King unpopular; Napoleon returns after year in exile
Louis panicked and fled; Napoleon declared outlaw by allies
Paris cheered Napoleon’s return
Brief period of renewed glory-the Hundred Days

10. The Last Campaigns Napoleon’s Final Days
Duke of Wellington led final confrontation
Battle of Waterloo
British and Prussian armies
Crushing defeat for Napoleon
End of the Napoleonic Wars
Tried to escape capture, sent to exile in Saint Helena
Volcanic island in South Atlantic
Remained imprisoned for six years
Died at 51; cause of death never determined
Napoleon’s Final Days

11. Draw Conclusions
How was Napoleon able to escape exile in Elba and return to command the French army?
Answer(s): hired a ship to return him to France and won the support of people and the army

12. The Congress of Vienna Negotiators Metternich
Lord Castlereagh of Great Britain
Czar Alexander I of Russia
Prince Klemens von Metternich of Austria
Charles-Maurice de Talleyrand of France
Metternich
Distrusted democracy and political change
Dominated the congress, wanted to restore the balance of power
Goals for Other Decision Makers
Make sure France could not rise again to such power
Put down revolution wherever it might appear
Remove traces of French Revolution and Napoleon’s rule

13. Redrawing the Map National borders New Countries Process France’s loss
Congress changed many borders
Wanted to strengthen nations surrounding France
New Countries
Union of the Dutch Republic and the Austrian Netherlands as the Kingdom of the Netherlands
Austria and 38 German states in German Confederation
Process
Countries that aided France lost territory
Countries that fought France gained territory
Talleyrand arranged trades
France’s loss
Was not allowed to keep any conquered territory
Boundaries back to 1792
Forced to pay indemnity, or compensation for damages

14. Metternich’s Influence
Restoring Monarchies
Napoleon had eliminated royal control in many countries.
Members of the old Bourbon royal family were returned to the thrones of Spain and Sicily.
Monarchies were restored in Portugal and Sardinia.
Metternich’s Influence
His reactionary attitudes influenced politics and society.
Wanting a return to absolute monarchy, he despised constitutions, voting rights, and freedom of religion and the press.
Liberal ideas were suppressed in Austria, the German states, and northern Italy.

15. What were the main goals of the Congress of Vienna?
Summarize
What were the main goals of the Congress of Vienna?
Answer(s): restore order, stability, and balance of power; ensure France could not rise again; suppress revolution

17. The Revolution’s Legacy
Was the French Revolution a failure?
After Congress of Vienna, monarchs ruled again
Citizens’ rights restricted
Nobles returned to their previous lifestyles
French Revolution changed Europe
Monarchies no longer secure
Common people learned they could change the world
Ideals of human dignity, personal liberty, and equality
Enlightenment crossed the Atlantic to Latin America, eventually inspired political movements in Asia and Africa

19. Draw Conclusions
Why could it be said that the French Revolution is still being fought today?
Answer(s): People still fight for the basic ideals of liberty and equality.

21. Video The Impact of the French Revolution
Click above to play the video.