1. Body Systems
Health Science 1

2. Body Systems ANATOMY – study of the parts of the body
PHYSIOLOGY – function of the body
ANATOMICAL POSITION – standing erect with face forward, arms at the side, palms forward

3. Tissue
TISSUES – cells grouped because they are similar in shape, size, structure, and function
EPITHELIAL TISSUE – protects the body by covering internal and external surfaces, and produces secretions
ex: skin, 3 types squamous, cuboidal, and columnar

4. Tissue
Squamous Cuboidal Columnar

5. Tissue CONNECTIVE TISSUE – supports and connects organs and tissue
Adipose: stores fat cells
Cartilage: firm, flexible support of the embryonic skeleton and part of the adult skeleton
Tendons: attaching skeletal muscle to bone
Ligaments: hold bones firmly together at the joints

6. Tissue MUSCLE TISSUE – has ability to contract and move body
Cardiac
involuntary; contracts the heart
Skeletal
Voluntary; attached to the skeleton
Smooth
involuntary; provides movement in various body systems
NERVOUS TISSUE – cells that react to stimuli and conduct an impulse
neuron

7. Tissue
Cardiac
Skeletal
Smooth
Neuron

8. Summarize
Describe to your partner what muscle and epithelial tissues are
Switch
Describe to your partner what connective and nervous tissues are

9. Membranes
MEMBRANES – formed by putting two thin layers of tissue together, cells may secrete a fluid
MUCOUS MEMBRANES– lines digestive, respiratory, reproductive and urinary systems – produces mucous to lubricate and protect the lining
SEROUS MEMBRANES – double-walled membrane - produces a watery fluid, lines closed body cavities
PARIETAL MEMBRANES-the outer part of the membrane that lines the cavity is the

10. Membranes VISCERAL MEMBRANE - the part that covers the organs is the
PLEURAL MEMBRANE – lines thoracic or chest cavity and protects the lungs
PERICARDIAL MEMBRANE – lines the heart cavity and protects the heart
PERITONEAL MEMBRANE – lines the abdominal cavity and protects abdominal organs

11. SUMMARIZE Define 4 of 7 membranes to your partner Switch
Define the remaining membranes to your partner

12. Structural organization
ORGANELLES – cell structure which helps a cell to function
ORGANS – tissues which form larger functioning and structural units
ORGAN SYSTEMS – groups of organs that act together to perform a specific related function
ORGANISM – anything capable of carrying on life

13. Organ systems
Integumentary = system which regulates body temperature, eliminates waste, synthesized Vitamin D, has temperature, pressure, and pain receptors
Skeletal = system which gives shape to the body, protects, helps form blood and stores minerals
Muscular = system which determines posture, produces heat, and provides movement
Digestive = system that prepares food for absorption and use by body cells through modification of physical and chemical stress

14. Organ systems
Respiratory = system that acquires oxygen and rids body of carbon dioxide
Urinary / Excretory = system which removes waste of metabolism from the body
Circulatory = system which circulates blood throughout body
Excretory= system responsible for waste removal
Nervous = system that communicates, controls, and coordinates body activities
Endocrine = system that manufactures hormones
Reproductive = system that reproduces human beings

15. Skeletal System

16. Muscular System

17. Circulatory System
Click here to hear heartbeat

18. Lymphatic System

19. Respiratory System

20. Digestive System

21. Integumentary System

22. Nervous System

23. Sensory System
The Skin
The Tongue

24. Urinary System

25. Endocrine System

26. Reproductive System
Male
Female

27. Anatomic Position and Direction
ANTERIOR or VENTRAL – front or in front of
POSTERIOR or DORSAL – back or in back of
CRANIAL – refers to the head of the body
CAUDAL – means tail end
SUPERIOR – upper or above something
INFERIOR – lower or below something

29. Anatomic Position and Direction
MEDIAL – toward the middle
LATERAL – toward the side of body
PROXIMAL – toward the point of attachment to the body or the trunk of the body
DISTAL – away from the point of attachment to the body
SUPERFICIAL (EXTERNAL) – near the surface or outside the body
DEEP (INTERNAL) – inside the body

30. Summarize
Turn to partner and explain what terms mean the top, bottom, front and back of body
Switch
Tell partner what terms mean middle, side, inside and outside

31. Body Planes and Sections
PLANES – imaginary anatomical dividing planes
SECTION – cut made through the body in the direction of a certain plane
SAGITTAL PLANE – divides the body into right and left parts
CORONAL (FRONTAL) PLANE – vertical cut at right angles to saggital plane, divides the body into anterior and posterior portions
TRANSVERSE PLANE – cross-section, a horizontal cut that divides the body into upper and lower parts

33. Cavities of the Body DORSAL CAVITY – contains brain and spinal cord
CRANIAL CAVITY- the brain
SPINAL CAVITY - the spinal cord
ANTERIOR or VENTRAL CAVITY contains the THORACIC and ABDOMINOPELVIC CAVITIES
thoracic cavity contains the lungs and heart
ABDOMINAL CAVITY contains stomach, intestines, liver, gallbladder and pancreas
PELVIC CAVITY contains urinary bladder and reproductive organs

35. Summarize
Take turns with your partner and explain what each body cavity is
When explaining tell some of the major organs in that cavity

36. Abdominal Quadrants

37. Abdominal Regions

38. Summarize
Explain to your partner what the quadrants are and how they are defined
Switch
Explain to your partner what the regions are and how they are define