1. HIERARCHY OF STRUCTURE IN ANIMALS
Levels of Organization

3. CELLS  TISSUE  SYSTEMS  ORGANISMS
Least Complex Most Complex

4. LEVEL 1CELLS basic unit of life
serve a specific function within the organism
Ex: bone cells, blood cells, nerve cells
GERM CELLS Bone CELLS CHEEK CELLS SPERM CELLS

5. LEVEL 2TISSUES
Made up of cells that are similar in structure and function
Cells work together to perform a specific activity
TYPES
Muscle
Connective
Epithelial
Nervous

7. Lining of digestive system
Type
Example
Description
Function
Epithelial
Skin
Lining of digestive system
Thin sheets of tightly packed cells covering surfaces and lining internal organs
Contain no blood vessels, receive nutrients via diffusion from other tissues
Protection from dehydration
Low-friction surface
Secrete, absorb
Connective
Bone
Tendons
Blood
Cells and fibres held together by a matrix
Support
Insulation

8. Anchored by tendons to bones
Type
Example
Description
Function
Muscle
Skeletal (voluntary)
Smooth (involuntary)
Cardiac
Anchored by tendons to bones
Walls of the esophagus stomach, intestines, bronchi, uterus, urethra, bladder, blood vessels
Found only in the heart
Locomotion, maintain posture
Nervous
Brain
Nerves in sensory organs
Long thin cells with branches
Conduct electrical impulses
Sensory
Communication within the body
Coordination of body functions

9. LEVEL 3ORGANS
Tissues that work together to perform a specific activity
Most organs work within a single organ system
-Stomach is part of the digestive system
Some organs work within more than
one system
eg. Pancreas is part of the digestive and
endocrine system

10. LEVEL 4SYSTEMS
Groups of two or more organs that work together to perform a specific function for the organism

11. System
Organs
DIGESTIVE
Salivary glands, esophagus, stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, intestines, rectum, and anus
CIRCULATORY
Heart, blood, and blood vessels
RESPIRATORY
Pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs, and diaphragm
NERVOUS
Nerves, brain, spinal cord
URINARY
Kidneys, ureter, bladder, and urethra
REPRODUCTIVE
F - ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus
M - testes, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate

12. System
Organs
INTEGUMENTARY
Skin, hair, nails
LYMPHATIC
Consists of organs, ducts, nodes
transports a watery, clear fluid called lymph
Defends against diseases
MUSCULAR
All muscles
SKELETAL
Bones, cartilage, ligaments and tendons
ENDOCRINE
Hypothalamus, pituitary gland, thyroid, and adrenals

13. LEVEL 5ORGANISM
Entire living things that carry out all basic life processes.
Take in materials, release energy from food, release wastes, grow, respond to the environment,
and reproduce
Usually made up of organ systems but may be
made of one cell
Examples
Bacteria, amoeba, mushroom,
sunflower,
human

14. Homework:
Pg 76 # 2-6