1. Good Morning!!! Which would you rather fight?? Ten duck-sized Horses!?
Or one Horse Sized Duck??

2. SURPRISE EXTRA WARM UP
How in the world did you come up with that answer?
Explain your process step by step

3. Thinking & Intelligence in a Day.

4. Thinking What is thinking? Mental activity Used in understanding
Processing
Communicating information.

5. 3 Units of Thought
SYMBOLS – objects or acts that stand for something else
CONCEPTS – mentally grouping together objects, events, or ideas that have similar characteristics such as dogs, horses, etc.
PROTOTYPES – examples of concepts that best exemplify that concept

6. Problem Solving Algorithms Heuristics
Procedures to solve a problem (formulas)
But complex, time consuming, impractical
Heuristics
Rules of thumb (shortcuts).
Faster but not as reliable.

7. Problem Solving Methods
Trial and Error.
Which key works in this lock?
Difference Reduction.
I am going to VA so I need to drive N not S.
Means-End Analysis.
We can do (means); certain results (end). This tastes like crap. Should I add S&P?
Working Backward.
Look at the final goal; figure out how to get there.
Analogies.
If : Then.

8. Insight. Wolfgang Kohler. Flash of Insight!
Sudden Understanding… A-ha!
It just comes to us on our own.
Wolfgang Kohler.
Worked with Chimps
Sometimes you need to walk away from a problem before a solution comes to you.

9. When Sultan the chimp was put in a situation where the bananas were still out of his reach after stacking the boxes, he became frustrated. He threw the stick and kicked the wall before sitting down.
Suddenly, he jumped up and dragged the boxes and stick under the bananas. He then climbed up the boxes and whacked the fruit down with the stick.
This suggested to Kohler that the animals were learning by reorganizing their perceptions of problems.

10. Sultan the Chimp

11. Problems with Problem Solving
Fixation: the inability to see a problem from a fresh perspective
Mental set: we approach problems with ways that have worked
Functional fixedness: our inability to think of alternative uses. (what are scissors used for?)

12. Problems with Problem Solving
What is one decision or problem where you made a poor decision?
Why do you think this occurred?

13. Creativity Convergent Thinking Divergent Thinking
Thought is limited to available facts.
We try to narrow our thinking to find the single best solution.
Divergent Thinking
We associate more freely with the various elements of a problem.
Which of these is best when brainstorming solutions?

14. Question: What steps can be used to solve problems?
THE ABCDEs OF PROBLEM SOLVING
Assess the problem
Brainstorm approaches to the problem
Choose the approach that seems most likely to work
Do it – try the most likely approach
Evaluate the results

15. Reasoning
Deductive reasoning: Using general facts to draw specific conclusions
South Korea is in Asia
Seoul is a city in South Korea
Seoul is in Asia
The conclusion is always true if the facts are true!

16. Reasoning Inductive Reasoning The conclusion is sometimes wrong.
Starts with a special case.
Come up with your own!

18. Decision Making & Judgment
Decision can me major or minor
Should I take an umbrella?
Should I go to college?
Weigh + & --
Framing Effect: Wording affects decision making.
Advertisers use certain words to get people to buy their product. (lite not thin; pro not anti; fairy not pixie)
Any more words you can think of?