1. INDIA
HISTORY AND RELIGION

2. Bellringer
Work on DBQ Packet

3. Early Civilizations

4. Colonization of India
British occupation of India lasted from 1858 to 1947.
In 1858, the English monarch, Queen Victoria, took control of India from the East India Trading Company.
Under British rule, the Indians were treated unfairly
In the 1900s, demands for independence increased.

5. Independence and Gandhi
The independence movement started around
Series of non-violent campaigns of civil disobedience were launched by the Indian National Congress (poltical party in India aimed at independence from Britain) led by Mohandas Gandhi.
WWI only increased the hatred of British rule
Indians were forced to fight in the war for Britain and heavy taxes only increased to cover expenses of war.
Mohandas K. Gandhi led the movement
India got independence after WWII (1947)

6. Mohandas Gandhi Born in India to middle class parents.
At 19, Gandhi went to London to study law and later moved to South Africa where he lived for 20 years.
While practicing law in South Africa, he was repulsed by the discrimination of Indians by the Europeans.
He experienced his “moment of truth” when he was beaten and thrown off of a train for refusing to leave first class.
Began developing and teaching his philosophy of satyagraha “peaceful resistance”.
Gandhi was one of the biggest influences on Martin Luther King Jr.

7. Independence Movement
Nonviolent protest and civil disobedience
Boycotting British goods, like cloth. Gandhi encouraged Indians to use homespun cloth and he led by example.
Protests
Amritsar Massacre (1919)
Amritsar, India’s holy city of the Sikh religion, British troops massacre at least 379 unarmed demonstrators meeting to protest British occupation and war taxes (WWI). This even pushed Gandhi to push onward with his civil disobedience.
March on the Salt Works
Protest British rule and the salt tax imposed by the British
Salt March
Gandhi, along with thousands of followers, marched 240 miles to the Indian Ocean to make salt in order to protest the British monopoly on salt and heavy salt taxes.

8. Gandhi fasted
To stop the violence between Hindus and Muslims
Gandhi was assassinated in 1948 by a Hindu extremist who thought Gandhi gave too many rights to Muslims in India and especially within the government

9. Independence and Partition of India 1947
Immediately following India’s independence in 1947, India violently split into two countries in order to avoid civil war between Hindus and Muslims in the country.
12.5 million people were displaced by the partition
Gandhi was against partition and believed that Hindus and Muslims should live in India together in peace.
India became a Hindu country and Pakistan became a Muslim country.
East Pakistan became the country of Bangladesh in 1971.

10. India and Pakistan Today
Today, India and Pakistan have a very tense relationship filled with distrust, suspicion and hostility.
The two countries overlap in several areas, like Kashmir, that are disputed.
Although neither country is supposed to have nuclear weapons, both countries do have the weapons in order to protect themselves from the other.
The border between the two countries is considered to be one of the most dangerous places in the world.