1. You need: Mar. 12, 2019 Clean paper (2)/ pencil
Mitosis puzzle and notes
Warm Up:
Mental Math quiz – be ready!
I CAN: identify the steps of mitosis and meiosis

2. Today’s agenda Mental Math Cougar Mtn Finish Mitosis notes
BrainPop / Quiz
Meiosis…? (puzzle, notes, compare)

3. MITOSIS

4. Starting point:
You want to start with one cell that has 100% of the genetic information (like a normal body cell). To keep things simple, we will work with a cell that has 4 chromosomes in a normal body cell.

5. Your goal:
To create TWO cells that each have 100% of the genetic information. These would have FOUR chromosomes each…and look just like the original.

6. START
Anaphase
Interphase
Prophase
Telophase
Metaphase
Cytokinesis

7. Did you reach the goal? Two cells and each has exactly 100% of the genetic material? Is the genetic material the same in these cells? Is that good or bad? Why?

8. Mitosis – from the Amoeba sisters
Watch this YouTube video from a group that call themselves the Amoeba sisters!

9. Inside the nucleus, are CHROMOSOMES.
CHROMOSOMES small packages of DNA
DNA comes from both your mom and your dad.

10. Chromosomes contain the genetic material of an organism
Chromosomes contain the genetic material of an organism. This genetic material is organized into packets of information called genes. Genes give the instructions for an organism’s traits or physical features.
Chromosome = a package of genetic information that can be passed from parent to offspring.
Write this down!!! I have students write down the meaning of chromosomes – and the relationship to genes and traits…but then I point out that relationship again. Do you see the propeller shape? That’s one chromosome. Do you see the bands/colors? Those are genes. So a chromosome is several genes bundled together. Each gene gives information about a trait. So brown might be eye-color, green might be hair texture, purple could be handedness. So traits are shown with genes and genes are grouped onto chromosomes.
The picture on the right helps to show how the long strands of DNA wind themselves into smaller, neater packages – like you might wind spaghetti onto a fork for ease of transport.
GENE: info from Mom about eye color AND from Dad about a trait (like eye color).

11. How do little elephants grow up to be BIG elephants?

12. Why do animals shed their skin?

13. The process of asexual reproduction begins after a sperm fertilizes an egg.

14. Three reasons why cells reproduce by asexual reproduction: 1. Growth 2
Three reasons why cells reproduce by asexual reproduction: Growth Repair Replacement

15. Animated Mitosis Cycle
Interphase
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase & Cytokinesis

16. Animal Mitosis -- Review
Interphase                                                             
Prophase                                                             
Metaphase                                                             
Anaphase                                                             
Telophase                                                             

17. Plant Mitosis -- Review
Interphase                                                             
Prophase                                                             
Metaphase                                                             
Anaphase                                                             
Telophase                                                             

18. Interphase Description of events: Centriole pair replicates.
DNA replicates to create duplicated chromosomes.
Most of the cell’s life is spent in INTERPHASE

19. Interphase Plant Cell Animal Cell
Photographs from:

20. Prophase Description of events:
Centriole pair begins to migrate to opposite poles.
Nuclear membrane begins to dissolve.
Spindle fibers begin to form between centriole pairs.
Duplicated chromosomes begin to condense.
Nucleolus begins to disappear.

21. Prophase Plant Cell Animal Cell Spindle fibers Centrioles
Photographs from:

22. Metaphase Description of events:
Centriole pairs are fully migrated to opposite poles.
The spindle apparatus is fully formed.
Spindle fibers have moved the duplicated chromosomes so that they line up at the midline of the cell.
Nuclear membrane has completely disappeared.
Duplicated chromosomes are at their most condensed at this stage.

23. Metaphase Plant Cell Animal Cell
Photographs from:

24. Anaphase Description of events:
Spindle fibers pull the sister chromatids apart at the centromere and drag them to opposite poles.
The cell elongates (gets longer – like an oval)

25. Anaphase Plant Cell Animal Cell
Photographs from:

26. Telophase Description of events:
The cell begins cytokinesis by forming a cleavage furrow (pinch) to divide the cytoplasm.
Nuclear membranes begin to reform around the separate (but identical) sets of chromosomes.
Spindle apparatus has disassembled and the spindle fibers dissolve.
Chromosomes begin to de-condense.
Nucleolus begins to re-form.
Telophase

27. Telophase Plant Cell Animal Cell
Photographs from:

28. After cytokinesis Description of events:
The two identical daughter cells are completely separated.
Spindle fibers have completely disappeared.
The chromosomes are completely de-condensed and lengthened.
The nucleolus is very distinct.
The nuclear membrane has completely re-formed around the chromosomes.
After cytokinesis

29. Check over your work!!

30. Interphase Anaphase Prophase Telophase Metaphase After cytokinesis
Description of events:
Centriole pair replicates.
DNA replicates to create duplicated chromosomes.
Most of the cell’s life is spent in INTERPHASE
Description of events:
Spindle fibers pull the sister chromatids apart at the centromere and drag them to opposite poles.
The cell elongates (gets longer – like an oval)
Anaphase
Prophase
Description of events:
Centriole pair begins to migrate to opposite poles.
Nuclear membrane begins to dissolve.
Spindle fibers begin to form between centriole pairs.
Duplicated chromosomes begin to condense.
Nucleolus begins to disappear.
Description of events:
The cell begins cytokinesis by forming a cleavage furrow (pinch) to divide the cytoplasm.
Nuclear membranes begin to reform around the separate (but identical) sets of chromosomes.
Spindle apparatus has disassembled and the spindle fibers dissolve.
Chromosomes begin to de-condense.
Nucleolus begins to re-form.
Telophase
Metaphase
Description of events:
Centriole pairs are fully migrated to opposite poles.
The spindle apparatus is fully formed.
Spindle fibers have moved the duplicated chromosomes so that they line up at the midline of the cell.
Nuclear membrane has completely disappeared.
Duplicated chromosomes are at their most condensed at this stage.
Description of events:
The two identical daughter cells are completely separated.
Spindle fibers have completely disappeared.
The chromosomes are completely de-condensed and lengthened.
The nucleolus is very distinct.
The nuclear membrane has completely re-formed around the chromosomes.
After cytokinesis

32. Mitosis Hand Jive!
Here are two videos that explain the hand motions used to represent phases of mitosis. Watch them both!!!
Bill Ry the science guy EXPLAINS the hand signals.
Ms. Loree dances through the mitosis hand signals.

33. Mnemonic Device
Sometimes it helps us to remember things if we put it into a song, or hand signals, or a crazy sentence.
You may have used “Please Excuse My Dear Aunt Sally.” The first letter of each word matches the steps in the order of operations (parentheses, exponents, multiply/divide, add/subtract).
Come up with a Mnemonic Device using the letters of the phases of mitosis (IPMATC). Turn it in through Google Classroom

34. IPMATC REMEMBER! Interphase Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase
Cytokinesis
IPMATC
A mnemonic to help remember the stages of mitosis.
Iguanas Pee More Accurately Than Cats.

35. PUZZLE TIME!!
MEIOSIS

36. Starting point:
You want to start with one cell that has 100% of the genetic information (like a normal body cell). To keep things simple, we will work with a cell that has 4 chromosomes in a normal body cell.

37. Your goal:
To create FOUR cells that only have 50% of the genetic information. These would only have TWO chromosomes (NOT 4).

38. Puzzle check
Knowing if you have the right process is tricky. Let’s try watching the steps.
Cells Alive! (meiosis)

39. Starting point:
You want to start with one cell that has 100% of the genetic information (like a normal body cell). To keep things simple, we will work with a cell that has 4 chromosomes in a normal body cell.

40. After we start…
Before we can split to smaller groups, we need to copy the information. This reminds me of mitosis!

41. Once copies have been secured (copy and original are sticking together
Once copies have been secured (copy and original are sticking together!), then we line them up…
Metaphase

42. After lining up in the MIDDLE, we have to split
After lining up in the MIDDLE, we have to split. This is different than MITOSIS, though. How?
In MITOSIS, the chromosomes line up in the middle vertically and all four would split in half. But in MEIOSIS, they have split the total in half – not the chromosome and it’s copy!

43. After the ONE nucleus splits into TWO nuclei, we still need to split the original chromosome from it’s copy.

44. Lining up in the MIDDLE – like Metaphase…AGAIN!!
This time they are ready to separate the original chromosome and it’s copy.

45. Each chromosome (copy and original is separated
Each chromosome (copy and original is separated. Now the TWO look like they are becoming FOUR.

46. Did you reach the goal? Four cells and each has only ½ of the genetic material? Is the genetic material the same as each of the other cells?
If not all of these cells have the same genetic information, is that bad or good? Why?

47. Cheat / Hint:

48. Meiosis NOT Mitosis Used to create a cell that has ONLY 50% of DNA
Happens in the SEX ORGANS
Allows for different combinations of DNA

49. MITOSIS MEIOSIS -my-TOES-es -happens all over the body
-start with a “normal” body cell (100%) and end with TWO “normal” cells (100% each)
-exact copy
-my-OH-sis
-happens only in ONE place (sex organs)
-start with a “normal” body cell (100%) and end with several sex cells (50% each)
-allows for different combos of genes…and that helps strengthen the species.
-Sperm = boys; egg = girls

50. Mitosis vs. Meiosis Flip Book
Cut/color/paste
Title page
Venn diagram (with sorted info)
Pictures of phases…color/label

54. Mitosis vs. Meiosis Flip Book
Cut/color/paste
Title page
Venn diagram (with sorted info)
Pictures of phases…color/label

55. B.
Nucleus C.
Chromosome A.
CELL D.
DNA E.
A gene

57. Chromosome = a package of genetic information that can be passed from parent to offspring.
Gene = one SET of alleles (one from each parent) about a given trait…example: eye color.

58. We will add more as we go. Review and vocabulary Pedigree Parent
Filial / offspring
Generations
Traits
Chromosomes
Dominant (gene)
Recessive (gene)
Always good to remind folks of vocabulary (words for the word wall), but it isn’t necessary to post here.
We will add more as we go.