1. Body Structure of Animals

2. Skeletal System
Gives shape & protects.
Gives Framework.

4. Bones Hard part of the skeleton. Made of calcium & phosphorus.
Spongy Bone: most interior, contains the red bone marrow,
which produces blood
cells.
Made up of 25% Water.

5. Bones Cont.
Parts of the skeleton form during first weeks of conception
Bone development continues through adulthood.
Bone development repairs fractures & remodels.

6. Cartilage Found near bones.
Flexible material that lubricates the joints & cushions shock.

8. Ulna

9. Integumentary System Covers & Protects Body (Skin) Draw & Label
on back of
Handout #17
STOP HERE

10. Muscular System Largest System making up 45% of the body.
Tendons: connective tissue of muscle to bone.

11. Muscular System Two major types of muscle:
Voluntary- controlled by thinking (eye)
Involuntary- automatic response
(Heart & Pupil)

13. Muscular System Muscle is the meat you eat.
The location of the muscle will relate to it’s tenderness.
Muscles respond to commands of the nervous system.

15. Circulatory System
The system responsible for moving digested food, oxygen, wastes, and other materials around the body.

18. Blood- In CTE ppt.
The liquid substance of the circulatory system; made of:
Plasma
Red blood cells
White blood cells
Platelets

19. Plasma The “liquid” of blood material. Made up of 90% water
Contains dissolved substances including: glucose, vitamins, minerals, and amino acids.

20. Red Blood Cells Made in red marrow of bones
Contains a protein called hemoglobin which carries oxygen in the blood.
Numerous red blood cells contained in the body, these cells cannot repair themselves and die after a period of time.

21. White Blood Cells Help fight disease.
Animals which are diseased will increase white blood cell numbers.
Pus which forms around wounds is white blood cells.
Sometimes called soldiers for their roll in fighting disease.

22. Platelets Not complete cells but are essential for blood to clot
Important to stop the blood loss created by wounds.

23. System Parts Four major parts of the circulatory system: Heart
Arteries
Capillaries
Veins

24. Heart The “pump” that sends blood throughout the system.
Involuntary muscular organ.
Contracts continuously throughout the lifetime of the animal.

25. Arteries
The vessels that carry blood from the heart.

26. Capillaries Branches of arteries the carry blood to the cells.
Capillary walls are only on cell thick this allows for easy exchange between the cells and the blood.
Blood flows through the capillaries to the veins.

27. Veins Veins carry blood back to the heart.
Blood in the veins has given its oxygen to the cells and picked up waste materials.

28. Heart Parts

30. Deer Heart See video on teacher tube

31. Respiratory System
Take notes of all terms on back of Cows Respiratory System Handout
This system moves gases to and from the circulatory system.
Its purpose is to provide the blood with oxygen and to remove carbon dioxide from the blood.

32. Types of Respiration
Internal- exchange of gases between the cells and the blood within the body. (cells breaking down glucose for energy)
External- exchange of gases in the lungs between the blood and the atmosphere. (breathing)

33. Breathing Processes Inspiration- taking air into the lungs.
Expiration- moving air out of the lungs.

34. Parts of the Respiration System
7. Nasal Chamber
6. Nostrils
5. Pharynx
4. Larynx
3. Trachea
2. Bronchial Tube
1. Lungs
Label the Cows Respiratory System Handout

35. Nostrils
Write down info on each part you labeled on the Cows Respiratory System Handout by using the following slides.
Openings near the mouth through which gases enter and leave the body.
Air is filtered and moistened by the hairs and mucous membranes.

36. Pharynx Connects the nose area with the mouth area.
Located in the back of the mouth.

37. Larynx Often called the voice box.
Two ligaments, known as vocal cords are located here.
When air is passed over ligaments, sound is created in the larynx.

38. Trachea Also known as the wind pipe.
Connects the pharynx with the lungs.
The trachea branches into bronchi, which further divide into smaller tubes inside the lungs.

39. Lungs Gases exchanged here between the atmosphere and the blood.
Located inside the chest cavity and supported by the rib cage and diaphragm.

40. Excretory System
Use Excretory System Handout and take notes the same way as before.
Rids the body of wastes from cell activity.
Wastes are known as metabolic wastes.
This processes is known as excretion.

41. Parts Include:
Skin
Kidneys
Bladder
Urethra

42. Skin
Helps rid the body of wastes through a process known as perspiration
Helps regulate the body temperature.
Temperatures are cooled by the evaporation of water.
Not all animals perspire.

43. Kidneys Filters the blood
Remove wastes created by cells in the body as well as excess water and minerals
Liquid produced here is called urine.

44. Bladder Urine made by the kidneys is stored in the bladder.
A muscular sac that is connected to the urethra.

45. Urethra
The tube that carries urine out of the body.

46. Digestive System Prepares food for use by the body. Kinds:
Write down bolded items:
Ruminants-animals that chew cud; more than one compartment in the stomach
Non-ruminants-known as monogastrics, do not chew cud, stomachs have one compartment.

47. Parts of the Digestive System
Mouth
Esophagus
Stomach
Small Intestine
Large Intestine
Anus
See 10 use Digestive System Slide Show

48. Reproductive System
Use Reproductive System Handouts and take notes the same way as before (Label parts & functions on pic in packet).
Provides for the production of new organisms to perpetuate a species; the only organ system that varies among male and female animals of the same species.

49. Puberty
Age at which an animal is capable of reproduction.

50. Male Reproductive System Pg. 40 in packet
Designed to produce, store, and release sperm. Label the major parts :below on the Bull Repro System Handout:
1. Cowpers Gland
2. Prostate Gland
3. Ureters
4. Bladder
5. Penis
6. Vas Deferens
7. Testicles
8. Scrotum
9. Epididymis
10. Scrotum

51. Testicles & Scrotom
Testicles - produce spermatozoa & male hormone Testosterone
Scrotom - sack which carries testicles
functions as a heat regulator

52. Epididymis & Vas Deferens
Epididymis - tube connects to testes
storage of spermatozoa ( billion at a time)
spermatozoa mature as they migrate through
Vas Deferens - tube connects to epididymus
if removed, can't reproduce = vasectomy

53. Female Reproductive System
Designed to produce ova
Makes fertilization possible
Provides a good environment for development of the fetus in mammals

54. Parts of the Female Reproductive System (Pg. 39)
6. Uterus
5. Ovaries
4. Oviducts
3. Vulva
2. Vagina (birth canal)
1. Cervix

55. Vulva & Vagina Vulva - exterior portion of reproductive tract
provides visual signs of heat
Vagina - between vulva & cervix
Cows & Ewes: semen is deposited here
Mares & Sows: semen is deposited in the cervix

56. Cervix - "Mouth of the womb" opening into uterus
at birth cervix stretches to allowbaby to pass (most painful part)
during pregnancy cervix becomes blocked with a mucous plug to prevent infection

57. Uterine Horns & Fallopian Tube
Uterine Horns - two branches of uterus
Fallopian Tube - uterine horn becomes a small tube
lined with cilia which aid in egg migration

58. Ovaries located at end of fallopian tubes
possesses large number of eggs in all stages of development
this is all the eggs she will ever have, unlike the male
very few eggs reach maturity
if not fertilized, the egg is reabsorbed by the body

59. What does "in heat" mean?
Heat is the time when a female is receptive to the male and will allow breeding to take place

60. Females also show external signs of "Heat"
aggressive behavior
swelling and/or color change of vulva

61. Estrus Cycle
Preparation of female reproduction system for reproduction; during “heat” part of cycle, females are receptive of breeding.

62. Fertilization
The union of sperm and egg.

63. Pregnant
Female with developing animal in reproductive tract.

64. Embryo
Developing animal during first half of pregnancy.

65. Fetus
Developing animal during second half of pregnancy.

66. Gestation
Period between fertilization and full development of the fetus.

67. Parturition
Process of giving birth.

68. Mammary System Develops in females to provide milk for babies
Location- producing Milk.

69. YouTube Videos AI
Stallion Collection