1. Classification Notes

2. What is classification?
Any ideas?

3. Classification is
ordering into groups

4. Why do we classify organisms?
Easier to find out information about them and identify them

5. Taxonomy
Field of Biology that classifies and identifies organisms by looking at shared characteristics to determine relationships between species

6. Levels of Classification
Kingdom (most general)
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species (most specific-can interbreed)

7. Kingdoms
Eubacteria
Archaebacteria
Protista
Plantae
Fungi
Animalia

8. Carolus Linnaeus (a.k.a. Carl von Linne)
Developed the classification system we use today

9. Naming Organisms
We use Latin for naming because it is “dead” language (meaning of the words do not change)

10. Binomial Nomenclature (“two-name”) naming system
Uses the organisms genus name first and then its species name (ex. Homo sapien)

11. Introduction
dichotomous key: tool that allows the user to determine the identity of items in the natural world
"Dichotomous" means "divided into two parts". Therefore, dichotomous keys always give two choices in each step.

12. 1. a. wings covered by an exoskeleton – go to step 2 b
1. a. wings covered by an exoskeleton – go to step 2 b. wings freely observed – Go to step 3 2. a. body has a round shape……….ladybug b. body has an elongated shape…grasshopper 3. a. wings point out from the side of the body ……….dragonfly b. wings point to the posterior of the body …….housefly

13. Phylogenetic Trees
-show the evolutionary relationship between organisms
-determined by the fossil record
-determined by molecular/structural comparisons

14. Branches indicate the degree to which organisms are related
Branches indicate the degree to which organisms are related. The closer the branches = more closely related.

15. ***Physical similarities do not always indicate evolutionary relatedness
***Larger differences in DNA sequences, the more distantly related