1. CONNECTORS AND LINKERS
- coordinating, concessive -

2. To join elements within a sentence or sentences within a text we use conjunctions,
prepositions, adverbs and adverbial expressions called “connectors” or “linkers”.

3. and / both ..... and ..... I play the piano and I sing in the choir.
Join two or more elements of a sentence. And is also used at the end of a list.
I play the piano and I sing in the choir.
My mother can both speak and write in Arabic.
In my room, there is a bed, a wardrobe, a desk and a chair.

4. or / either ..... or ..... neither ..... nor .....
Propose an alternative.
You can have a sandwich or a cake.
Either you do it now or you will never do it.
neither nor .....
Excludes both elements.
Neither Susan nor Simon can go.

5. but
But contradicts two sentences or two elements of a sentence.
I like her hat but it doesn’t go well with her dress.
I had no choice but to accept their offer.
on the other hand ....
Balances two different ideas. It can be preceded by on the other hand...
I would like to get a degree, but on the other hand, I don’t feel like
studying for so many years.

6. however / though (informal use)
However and though are adverbs. However can be placed either at the beginning or
end of a sentence. Though is placed at the end of the sentence.
He looks like a tough guy. He is quite shy, though.
The film was good. A bit too long, however.
His story is true. However, I wouldn’t trust him.

7. although / though even though
Although and though introduce a clause that nakes the statement in the main clause
seem surprising or unexpected.
Although / Though he’s a very young writer, he’s already won an important award.
even though
Even though refers to a real fact, as opposed to even if that is used to make a hypothesis.
I went to the beach even though it was raining.
We’ll go to the beach, even if it’s raining.

8. despite / in spite of ( + noun or verb in –ing form, often preceded
by a possessive adjective)
I am going to buy that house in spite of its price.
I couldn’t eat any of that food despite (my) being very hungry.
also: Even though I was very hungry.
however (+ adjective or adverb)
However hard you may try, the boss will never be satisfied with your work.

9. THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!!! 