1. Arizona Settlement

2. Conquistadors
Early Spanish explorers and soldiers were known as conquistadors
Conquistadors took control of the people living in South America and colonized the Southwest
Hernando de Soto
Hernando Cortes Pizarro

3. Presidios
Presidios were forts built by the Spanish in order to protect themselves from the Native Americans
Presidio School House

4. Father Kino He was a Catholic missionary and priest
He worked peacefully with the Tohono O’odham and respected their culture.
He taught the Native Americans to grow wheat and raise livestock
The Native Americans taught him to speak their language and helped Father Kino to build missions

5. Cabeza de Vaca
He was a Spanish explorer who claimed lands in what is now Florida
He traveled with an enslaved African American named Estevan looking for
On their travels they heard stories of the 7 cities of gold.
After they were rescued they told the stories of the cities of gold. This caused other explorers to look for these cities.

6. Reservation A reservation is land set aside for Native Americans.
Many different Native American tribes were forced to live together.
Many children were sent to boarding schools and they couldn’t wear their own clothing or speak their own language.

7. Apache Tribe
The Apache were known as skilled horse riders and warriors.
They kept few belongings because they never stayed in one place too long.
They hunted bison and gathered plants for food.

8. Primary Source
Primary sources are usually letters, records or other documents created during the period that is being studied
Examples of primary sources would be a journal written by Cabeza de Vaca or a letter written by a soldier to his family

9. Secondary Source
A secondary source of information is one that was created later by someone who did not experience first-hand or participate in the events
Examples of secondary sources are text books, biographies, newspaper articles, and stories

10. Control of North America
By the 1700’s North America is controlled mostly by Britain and France
The United States receives it’s freedom from Britain in 1776.