1. Do Now: What is a solution? Hint: a cup of Kool- Aid is a solution.
Solution- are uniform mixtures of two or more substances.

2. Definitions Solute- is the substance that is dissolved. For ex. sugar
Solvent- is the substances that dissolves the solute. For ex. water

3. There are two substances in kool- aid (water and kool-aid) which is the solute and which is the solvent?

4. Three Types of Solution
Isotonic solution- (Iso= equal) there is the same concentration of solutes outside the cell equals the concentration of solutes inside
Hypertonic solution- (Hyper= A lot) the concentration of solutes outside a cell is greater than the concentration inside.
Hypotonic solution- (hypo=little) the concentration of solutes outside a cell is less that the concentration inside.

5. Lets draw a cell in a Isotonic solution!

6. Lets draw a cell in a Hypertonic solution!

7. Lets draw a cell in a Hypotonic solution!

8. Solutions
= Sugar

9. What did the movement of water do to each egg?
Corn syrup
Water
Corn syrup
Water

11. What is the name of the process that causes water to move from a high concentration to a low concentration?
Osmosis

12. Osmosis
Is the movement of water from high concentration to a lower concentration.

13. What is diffusion? When any substance EXCEPT WATER moves from
a high concentration to a low concentration!

14. Example of diffusion Beaker of water and a drop of food coloring
Spraying body spray

15. Diffusion

16. Recall
Diffusion- is the movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
Osmosis- the diffusion of water from high concentration to a low concentration.

17. Which cup has more water?

18. *Water always moves to the hypertonic solution
*****Ways to remember
*Water always moves to the hypertonic solution

19. DO NOW – Write the question!
Placing wilted lettuce in cold water will make it crisp again. Which statement best describes what happens to restore the lettuce to its original condition?
a. Water left the lettuce cells by diffusion.
b. Water entered the cells of the lettuce by osmosis.
c. Osmosis caused salts to enter the lettuce cells.
d. Salts in the leaf caused water to leave the cells.

20. Do Now 12/3/14
Predict what will happen to the raisin in a beaker of water and the raisin in the beaker with salt water?

21. Concentration Gradient- when molecules go from a high concentration to a low concentration to reach equilibrium.

23. Blue Text book Page 222-224 Read Essay “Molecular Movement”
One Sentence Summary for each paragraph

24. Does a hypertonic solution have more water than a hypotonic solution?
Do Now 12/4/14
Does a hypertonic solution have more water than a hypotonic solution?

25. Which statement describes the relationship between the animal cell and the contents of the beaker?
A. There is a higher concentration of water inside the cell than outside the cell.
B. There is a higher concentration of sugar inside the cell than outside the cell.
C. There is an equal concentration of water inside the cell as outside the cell.
D. There is an equal concentration of sugar inside the cell as outside the cell.

26. The diagram below shows an animal cell in a beaker containing a solution of sugar and water. The cell membrane is permeable only to water.

27. Define these words using page 220-221
1.Lipid Bilayer
2. Proteins
3. Receptors
4.Ions

28. What molecules can easily go through the lipid bilayer, by passing through the phospholipids ?
Water, non polar molecules (no charge), and very small molecules can pass .

29. What molecules can go through the lipid bilayer, by using a protein?
ions, glucose, large molecules, and polar (charged) molecules use a protein channel
Hormones bind to a protein receptor to send a message

30. Blue Biology Text book Page 220- 221(Read “ Membranes”)
1. What can pass through the bilayer with ease?
2. Why can’t glucose and other sugars pass through the membrane?
3. Can ions pass through the membrane?
4. What do hormones do once they bind to a receptor?

31. DO Now 12/15/14
What is diffusion?
Provide an example

32. Phospholipid
Polar molecules have a charge

33. Cell membrane

34. What is a eukaryotic cell? Provide an example
Do now 12/17/14
What is a eukaryotic cell?
Provide an example

35. A cell that contains organelles. Ex. Animal and plant cells
Eukaryotic cell
A cell that contains organelles.
Ex. Animal and plant cells

36. Why is the cell membrane called a lipid bilayer?
Do Now
Why is the cell membrane called a lipid bilayer?

37. Passive Transport (Passive diffusion)
When no energy is needed to pass the cell membrane

38. What does facilitated mean?

39. Passive transport by protein
Still no energy is required
Aided by transport protein when some molecules are too big

40. Active Transport

41. Green text book Page 206 (1-4)
Read pages to help you answer the questions

42. Exit slip
How is a dam and a well pump similar to a plasma membrane?

43. The plasma membrane of a cell can act as both a dam and a pump as it regulates the traffic of ions and molecules into and out of the cell.
Dam- open and closes
Pump- someone must physically move the handle that draws the water up up against gravity.

44. Enzymes
Enzymes are catalysts which speed up the rate of the reaction but do not become part of the product(s)
Most enzymes are proteins
Enzymes bind temporarily to one or more of the reactants of the reaction they catalyze. In doing so, they lower the amount of activation energy needed and thus speed up the reaction.

45. Acid/Base & pH
Dissociation of water into a hydrogen ion and a hydroxide ion
Acid: increases the hydrogen concentration of a solution
Base: reduces the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution
pH: “power of hydrogen”
Buffers: substances that minimize H+ and OH- concentrations (accepts or donates H+ ions)

46. Enzymes
A substrate (reactant) molecule binds to its enzyme like a key in a lock.

47. Factors Affecting Enzyme Activity
Enzyme Concentration
Substrate Concentration
Temperature pH
Inhibitors

48. Macromolecules Large organic compounds that are essential to life
Proteins: Serve many functions; include enzymes
Nucleic Acids: Direct protein production; include DNA and RNA
Carbohydrates: Provide energy and structure; include sugars, starch, and cellulose
Lipids: Not soluble in water; many functions; include fats, waxes, and hormones

49. Lesson 3.1 Matter and the Environment
Acids, Bases, and pH
The separation of water molecules into ions causes solutions to be acidic, basic, or neutral.
The pH scale measures how acidic or basic a solution is.
pH of 7—Neutral: Equal concentrations of H+ and OH-
pH below 7—Acidic: Relatively high concentration of H+
pH above 7—Basic: Relatively high concentration of OH-