1. Compound Interest

2. An Example
Suppose that you were going to invest $5000 in an IRA earning interest at an annual rate of 5.5%
How would you determine the amount of interest you’ve made on your investment after one year?

3. An Example How much money would you have in your IRA account?
How much interest would you get after two years?

4. An Example
How much money would you have in your IRA account after two years?
What about 10 years?

5. Compound Interest
Notice that the interest in our account was paid at regular intervals, in this case every year, while our money remained in the account. This is called compounding annually or one time per year.

6. Compound Interest
Suppose that instead of collecting interest at the end of each year, we decided to collect interest at the end of each quarter, so our interest is paid four times each year. What would happen to our investment?
Since our account has an interest rate of 5.5% annually, we need to adjust this rate so that we get interest on a quarterly basis. The quarterly rate is:

7. Compound Interest
So for our IRA account of $5000 at the end of a year looks like:
After 10 years, we have:

8. Compound Interest Formula
P dollars invested at an annual rate r, compounded n times per year, has a value of F dollars after t years.
Think of P as the present value, and F as the future value of the deposit.

9. Yield
One may compare investments with different interest rates and different frequencies of compounding by looking at the values of P dollars at the end of one year, and then computing the annual rates that would produce these amounts without compounding.

10. Yield
Such a rate is called the effective annual yield, annual percentage yield, or simply yield.
In our previous example when we compounded quarterly, after one year we had:

11. Yield
To find the effective annual yield, y, notice that we gained $ on interest after a year compounded quarterly. That interest represents a gain of 5.61% on $5000:

12. Finding the Yield
To find the effective annual yield, find the difference between our money after one year and our initial investment and divided by the initial investment.
Therefore, interest at an annual rate r, compounded n times per year has yield y:

13. More on Yield
There may be times when we need to find the annual rate that would produce a given yield at a specified frequency of compounding. In other words, we need to solve for r :

14. Compound Interest Formula
Notice that when we collected our interest more times during each year, i.e. we compounded more frequently, the amount of money in our account was actually greater than if only collected interest one time a year.
What would happen to our money if we compounded a really large number of times?