1. Properties
Substance – matter that has uniform and unchanging composition
Ex. Pure water has the same lack of taste, color, b.p., density, etc. It is always made up of hydrogen and oxygen
Ex. Sodium Chloride (Table Salt) is the same throughout made up of Sodium Chlorine (NaCl)

2. Physical Property
Physical Property - can be observed or measured without changing the identity of the substance.
Ex. Observing and measuring the boiling point, density, color

3. Physical Properties
Extensive (physical) property - depends on the amount of matter
Ex. Mass, length, volume
Intensive (physical) property- independent of the amount of matter
Ex. Color, density, melting point, boiling point

4. Physical States of Matter
Solid- definite shape and volume, particles tightly packed in fixed positions and can only vibrate.
Liquid- definite volume, indefinite shape, particles can flow past each other-fluid.
Gas- indefinite shape and volume. Particles move more rapidly with lots of space between them. Particles take up the volume and shape of the container.

5. Illustration of 3 states of matter
Difference between gas and vapor
vapor is a gaseous state of a substance that is a solid or liquid at room temperature
Ex. Steam

6. Chemical Properties
Chemical Properties- a substance’s ability to change to form new substances or ability not to.
Ex. Iron
Iron rusts when it reacts with oxygen in the air
Iron does not react with nitrogen gas in the air

7. Physical Change
Physical Change – a type of change that alters the physical properties of a substance but does not change its composition.
Examples
Crumpled Aluminum Foil
Cutting Paper
Breaking a crystal
Boiling Water

8. Chemical Change
Chemical Change – a process involving one or more substances changing into new substances (aka: a chemical reaction)
Words to identify a chemical change
Rust Tarnish
Explode Ferment
Oxidize Burn
Corrode Rot

9. Chemical Change
Chemical Reaction - the process in which atoms of one or more substances are rearranged to form a new substance.

10. Evidence of Chemical Reaction
Color change
Bubbling- gas was released
Odor
Temperature change (may be chemical or physical)
Note: Energy is always involved in physical and chemical changes