1. Chapter 12: The Reformation
I. Forerunners

2. Forerunners John Wycliffe “Morning Star of the Reformation”
Spoke out against the Roman Catholic Church
Believed Bible was supreme authority
All ought to read it

3. Forerunners John Wycliffe Translation of Bible from Latin into English
Finished in 1382
Trained men to preach the gospel
Lollards

4. Forerunners John Huss Prague
Tricked to come to the Council of Constance
Burned at the stake
Would not recant
Wycliffe’s body later dug up and burned

5. Chapter 12: The Reformation
II. Beginning

6. Luther’s Early Life Education Vow to become a monk Wittenberg
Justification by faith alone
Sola fide

7. Controversy Leo X’s plan to complete St. Peter’s Basilica
Sell indulgences to raise money
Johann Tetzel
Treasury of saints
Luther’s response

8. Luther’s Break with Rome
Ninety-five Theses
Widely circulated
Sales of indulgences fell
The Leipzig Debate
Johann Eck
Widened the breach

9. Luther’s Break with Rome
Pamphlets
The Road to Worms
Protected by Frederick the Wise
Pope issued a bull against Luther
Luther tossed it in the fire

10. Luther’s Break with Rome
Diet of Worms
Summoned by Charles V
Luther’s declaration
Luther declared an outlaw and would face death
Lived out his natural life

11. Progress in Germany Luther translated the Bible into German
Shorter Catechism
Instruction in fundamental doctrines
Hymn: A Mighty Fortress

12. Progress in Germany
Augsburg Confession
Philipp Melanchthon

13. Progress in Germany Preoccupation of Charles V Attack on Protestants
Emperor of many lands
Wars with Francis I of France
Ottoman Turks and Suleiman
Attack on Protestants
Peace of Augsburg (1555)

14. Chapter 12: The Reformation
III. Spread

15. Scripture alone, faith alone, grace alone!
Key Doctrines
Scripture alone, faith alone, grace alone!

16. Switzerland Zwingli Became a priest in Zurich Sixty-Seven Conclusions
Disagreed with Luther over the Lord’s Supper
Consubstantiation
Died while serving as a chaplain

17. Switzerland The Anabaptists “Swiss Brethren” Believer’s baptism
Persecution
Only true believers should be members in the local church

18. Switzerland The Anabaptists Separation of church and state
Belief in pacifism
Mennonites
Menno Simons
Amish
Jacob Amman

19. Switzerland Calvin Well-educated Theology
The Institutes of the Christian Religion
Strong belief in the sovereignty of God

20. Switzerland Calvin Years at Geneva
Sought a Christian community based on the Word of God
Worked to have laws passed that conformed to Scripture
Disagreements with city leaders

21. Switzerland Calvin Years at Geneva Influence Ordered to leave Geneva
Returned a few years later
Influence

22. England Factors in the English Reformation:
The publication of English translations of the Bible
The involvement of the English rulers
Tudor family

23. England The Break with Rome Under Henry VIII Sought a divorce
Appointed Thomas Cranmer
Act of Supremacy

24. England Protestant Gains Under Edward VI
Nine years old; died at sixteen
Advisers were sympathetic to Protestant Reformation
Book of Common Prayer
Forty-Two Articles

25. England Catholic Reaction Under Mary I Pro-Catholic
Compelled Parliament to repeal earlier religious laws
Persecution
Died after five years

26. England Break with Rome Confirmed Under Elizabeth Never married
The Church of England
Another Act of Supremacy
Revision to Thirty-Nine Articles
Elizabethan Settlement
Anglican Church

27. England Break with Rome Confirmed Under Elizabeth War with Spain
Philip II of Spain
Catholic
“Invincible Armada”
Sir Francis Drake
Huge victory for England

28. England Break with Rome Confirmed Under Elizabeth The Puritans
Wanted to “purify” the church of Roman Catholic practices
Separatists were those who removed themselves from the Church of England

29. Scotland John Knox Influenced by Calvin
Scotland became a Protestant nation
Presbyterian Church
Mary Stuart forced to abdicate

30. The Netherlands Ruled by Philip II William the Silent
Severe persecution of Protestants
William the Silent
Protestants eventually won independence

31. France
Huguenots
Fiercely persecuted
St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre

32. France Conflict over who would rule France Bourbon family Henry IV
Huguenot
Henry IV
Became Roman Catholic
Edict of Nantes

33. Chapter 12: The Reformation
IV. The Counter Reformation

34. The root of their problems
Counter Reformation
Counter = to oppose
The root of their problems =
Doctrinal error

35. Jesuits Ignatius Loyola Absolute obedience to the pope
Spiritual Exercises
Focus on education

36. Jesuits Proper to do wrong in order to accomplish something good
Francis Xavier

37. Inquisition Brought terror and death
Assumption of guilt until proven innocent

38. Index of Prohibited Books
Condemned books deemed heretical
Only books with an ecclesiastical license had official approval

39. Council of Trent Three extended meetings over eighteen years
Predetermined outcome
Sealed break between Protestants and Catholic Church