1. Learning Objective Describe how vaccinations work To be able to:
Key Words:
Memory cells, vaccine, immunisation

2. Exam Question Thursday, 23 May 2019 Vaccinations
Date and title in books. You need a pen, pencil & a ruler.
Starter Activity – 2 minutes
Exam Question

3. Learning Outcomes Identify why vaccinations are given
Target 1-9
Identify why vaccinations are given
(F/H)
Target 4-9
Describe how a vaccination works
(H)
Target 5-9
Explain how a vaccination prevents the spreading of disease
Extension: Application of Knowledge
Target 8/9
Use data to explain the effects vaccinations have over time
Learning Outcomes

4. What is a vaccination?
A vaccination contains an inactive or dead form of a pathogen.
We use this form to give your white blood cells chance to fight the pathogen without you getting ill.

5. Getting a vaccination
Most vaccinations are given by an injection into your blood stream (e.g. flu, MMR)
Some can be given as a liquid (e.g. polio vaccination)

6. White Blood Cells
Every cell has antigens on it surface, including pathogens.
White blood cells react to the vaccination by producing antibodies. These anti bodies are specific for the pathogen.
The antibodies destroy the antigens and pathogen without you getting ill.

7. Immunity
Once we have been vaccinated, we say we are immune to the disease.
White blood cells can quickly respond if the pathogen enters our blood stream again as they “remember” the antigens and so they can quickly make antibodies.

8. Bacterial and Viral Bacterial Vaccinations Viral Vaccinations Tetanus
Diphtheria
Whooping cough
Bacterial meningitis
Polio
Measles
Mumps
Flu
We can vaccinate against many diseases. Vaccination saves millions of lives every year.

9. Children Advantages Disadvantages
The child will be immunised against a disease and so is unlikely to become ill
Vaccines can have side effects and make someone ill, either for a short time or a long time
The child cannot pass the disease on and infect others
Vaccines can be expensive and some children do not get them as they cannot afford them.
Over many decades, more people will become immune and the disease will be gone from the world
Vaccines can be painful

10. Adults Advantages Disadvantages
Their child is not likely to become ill
Vaccines can have side effects so they could make their child ill
In the UK, all children can be vaccinated for free.
Vaccines can be expensive and some parents cannot afford to buy them
The adult is not likely to become ill from the child getting a disease.
It is difficult for a parent to see their child in pain when having a vaccination

11. Questions What can some pathogens do to the body very quickly?
If your body does not make antibodies quickly, what could happen to you?
Which part of our blood responds to pathogens?
If our white blood cells have met the pathogen before, what can they produce quickly?
What do antibodies to do a pathogen?
If we are given a vaccination, how can our body respond if we get the pathogen again?
What do we call it when we have been vaccinated and we are protected against a disease?