1. COSC 4213: Computer Networks II
Suprakash Datta
These slides are adapted from Keith Ross’ slides.
5/21/2019
COSC S.Datta

2. Chapter 2: Application layer
2.1 Principles of network applications
app architectures
app requirements
2.2 Web and HTTP
2.4 Electronic Mail
SMTP, POP3, IMAP
2.5 DNS
2.6 P2P file sharing
2.7 Socket programming with TCP
2.8 Socket programming with UDP
2.9 Building a Web server
5/21/2019
COSC S.Datta

3. P2P services File sharing – Napster, Gnutella, Kazaa….
Communication – Instant messaging, VoIP (Skype)
Computation
DHTs – Chord, CAN, Pastry, Tapestry….
Applications built on emerging overlays Planetlab
P2P file systems – Past, Farsite
Wireless Ad-hoc Networking?
5/21/2019
COSC S.Datta

4. Overlay graphs Edges are TCP connections or pointer to an IP address
Edges maintained by periodic “are you alive” messages.
Typically new edge established when a neighbor goes down
New nodes BOOTSTRAP
Structured vs Unstructured
5/21/2019
COSC S.Datta

5. Structured overlays Edges arranged in a preplanned manner.
DNS is an example of a structured overlay (but not P2P)
Mostly still in the research stage – so has not made it to the textbook!
5/21/2019
COSC S.Datta

6. Challenge: locating content
Gnutella-type search – expensive, no guarantee, need many cached copies for technique to work well.
Directed search – assign particular nodes to hold particular content (or pointers to it).
- Problems: Distributed
Handling join/leave
5/21/2019
COSC S.Datta

7. Distributed hash tables
Introduce a hash function to map objects to identifiers. E.g. h(“Britney Spears”) = 111
Distribute the range of the hash function among all nodes
Each node must “know about” at least one copy of each object that hashes within its range (when one exists)
5/21/2019
COSC S.Datta

8. Now… Switch to the tutorial by Prof. Ross.
We will only cover a small portion on DHTs in this lecture
5/21/2019
COSC S.Datta

9. Major problems User issues Security Viruses Community/Network issues
Polluted files
Flash crowds
Freeloading
5/21/2019
COSC S.Datta

10. Thought questions
Is success due to massive number of servers or simply because content is free?
Copyright infringement issues: direct vs indirect.
5/21/2019
COSC S.Datta