1. The Respiratory System
Mr. Lane

2. Review of Cellular Respiration:
Requirements:
Glucose O2
The O2 needed for Cellular Respiration is obtained by the respiratory system through the process of breathing.

3. The Respiratory System

4. Function of the Human Respiratory System:
A network of passages that allow gases to pass from the external environment to the internal surfaces of the lungs.

5. The pathway of air…

6. The Nasal Cavity Exposed to air through nostrils.
Lined with cilia (small hairs) and mucous membranes which______, _______, and ______ air.
Filter
Warm
Moisten

7. The Pharynx & Larynx
The oral and nasal cavity meet at the pharynx, which is more commonly referred to as the throat.
The pharynx contains the Larynx, where the voice box and vocal cords are located.

8. The Trachea Also referred to as the “windpipe.”
Held open by rings of cartilage.
Cilia and mucus line the trachea in order to trap microscopic particles.
Food is prevented from entering the trachea by the epiglottis.

9. The Bronchi & Bronchioles
2 main branches of the trachea.
Lined with mucus and ringed with cartilage.
The Bronchioles
Many subdivisions
Lined with mucus
NO CARTILAGE.

10. The Alveoli Site of gas exchange between the lungs and the blood.
O2 out of the alveoli
CO2 into the alveoli
QUESTION: What type of blood vessel is holding the blood being exchanged?
The walls of the alveoli and capillaries are so thin that the gases can easily diffuse out of one and directly into the other.

11. Think of it like a tree! Tree Trunk: Trachea Large Branches: Bronchi
Smaller Branches:
Bronchioles
Leaves:
Alveoli

12. The Path of Air Nasal Cavity– air is filtered, warmed, and moistened.
Pharynx – intersection of paths for food and air.
Larynx (Voice Box)
Trachea (Windpipe) – food blocked by epiglottis
Bronchi (2)
Bronchioles (many)
Alveoli (millions) – site of gas exchange

13. Regulation of Breathing
Breathing Rates are controlled by the Medulla in the brain.
When a large amount of CO2 is detected, the Medulla sends a signal to the diaphragm to contract.
The contraction of the diaphragm causes the lungs to expand and breathing to occur.

14. The Diaphragm
Dome-shaped sheet of muscle located directly below the lungs.
Inhalation:
Lungs/Chest expand
Diaphragm contracts
Exhalation:
Lungs/Chest contract
Diaphragm relaxes

15. Malfunctions of the Respiratory System
Bronchitis
Asthma
Emphysema occur.

16. Bronchitis
The mucus membrane in the bronchial passages becomes inflamed.
Narrows/shuts down airway
Cause: Lung infections caused by viruses, pollution, smoking, etc.
Treatment: Rest, fluids, avoiding smoke and fumes.

17. Asthma Chronic lung disease that enflames and narrows the airways.
Results in wheezing, chest tightness, shortness of breath, and coughing.
Cause: genetic, increased risk of allergies, environmental exposure.
Treatment: avoiding trigger, inhaled corticosteroids.

18. Emphysema
Alveoli are severely damaged and air pockets develop resulting in airflow limitation (trouble breathing in and out).
Cause: Cigarette smoking / second hand smoke.
Treatment: No cure; medications or direct oxygen supply can limit the effects.