1. AMERICA IN THE 19TH CENTURY

2. AMERICA (19th CENTURY)
Battle of Arkansas Post, Currier and Ives

3. 1.1. EXPANSION AND CIVIL WAR (USA)
WESTWARD EXPANSION
WESTWARD EXPANSION
+ IMMIGRANTS
+ INCREASE IN POPULATION
DESTRUCTION OF TRIBES
CONFLIC WITH NATIVE AMERICANS
RESERVATIONS

4. CIVIL WAR 1861-1865 AMERICAN CIVIL WAR
Northern states were against SLAVERY
CIVIL WAR
(Northern states VS. Southern states)
NORTHERN STATES
Southern states felt threatened
Universal manhood suffrage
All ethnic backgrounds had the right to vote
Establishment of

5. 1.2. LATIN AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE
Simón Bolívar

6. SPANISH COLONIES IN SOUTH AND CENTRAL AMERICA
CAUSES OF LATIN AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE
SPANISH COLONIES IN SOUTH AND CENTRAL AMERICA
demanded
IDENPENDENCE
Creole upper middle class wanted:
+ political/economic control
+dependence on Spain
-USA Independence
-French Revolution
-Spanish Civil War
Great Britain wanted to break Spain’s monopoly by supporting the revolutionaries

7. COLONIES’ INDEPENDENCE
CONSEQUENCES OF LATIN AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE
COLONIES’ INDEPENDENCE
due to
Victories over Spanish forces led by military leaders
E.G. Simón Bolívar and General José de Martín
Spanish colonies → Independent republics

8. IMPORTANT BIOGRAPHIES
Simón Bolívar
General José de San Martín:

9. General José de San Martín
José Francisco de San Martín ( ) was an Argentine General, governor and patriot who led his nation during the wars of Independence from Spain. He was a lifelong soldier who fought for the Spanish in Europe before returning to Argentina to lead the struggle for Independence. Today, he is revered in Argentina, where he is considered among the founding fathers of the nation. He also led the liberation of Chile and Peru.

10. Simón Bolívar
Simón Bolívar was born on July 24, 1783 in Caracas, New Granada (now Venezuela). He was a soldier who was instrumental in the revolutions against the Spanish empire. Born into a wealth, Bolívar was sent to Spain for his education, soon deciding to immerse himself in the political sphere in Europe. After France invaded Spain in 1808, he became involved in the resistance movement and played a key role in the Spanish American fight for independence. In 1825, the "Republic of Bolivia," was created after the inspirational leader, hailed by many as El Libertador (The Liberator). On December 17, 1830, however, Simón Bolívar died in Santa Marta, Colombia, after a battle with tuberculosis.