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Chapter 3: Settling the Northern Colonies

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1 Chapter 3: Settling the Northern Colonies

2 Beginning of Puritanism
Martin Luther’s 95 thesis (1517) The Bible alone is the source of Gods word People were saved simply by faith in Christ alone Beginning of the Protestant Reformation

3 Calvinism John Calvin preached Calvinism
Ideas sweep England as Henry VIII breaks with the Roman Catholic Church Predestination: Idea that those going to heaven or hell have already been determined by God Only those predestined could go to heaven Conversions: a sign that one was of the predestined and afterwards lead sanctified live and demonstrate their holy behavior

4 Puritans Puritans: English protestant reformers seeking to “purify” the Church of England of Catholic rituals and creeds Believed only visible saints should be admitted to the Church King allows all subjects to join Sitting the “damned” with the “visible” Separatists: (extremists) decided to break away from the church (pilgrims) and flee religious persecution King James sees them as a threat

5 The Plymouth Colony The Mayflower lands in Plymouth Bay (1620)
Mayflower Compact: agreement to form a government with majority rule. Created a foundation for self-government in the Plymouth Colony Harsh winter in 1620 kills 44/102 colonists Spring of 1621 brings good harvest (first Thanksgiving) Plymouth proved the English could survive in the New world

6 The Plymouth Colony William Bradford elected governor thirty times
1691 it merges with the Massachusetts Bay Colony Puritans large impact both morally and spiritually

7 Massachusetts Bay Colony
Non-seperatist Puritans secure Royal Charter Largest start of any English Colony (1,000) Great English Migration 70,000 refugees to the New World (not all puritans) 20,000 to Massachusetts, many more to the West Indies John Winthrop becomes governor Believed he had a calling from God to lead Colony prospers from fur trade, fishing, ship building Quickly becomes the biggest most influential colony in N.E.

8 “We shall be as a city upon a hill”
Colonists believed they had a covenant with God Agreement to build a holy city to be a model for mankind Rights were extended to “all freemen” Adult men belonging to the congregation No church membership / no vote / women no vote 2/5 males included Public discussions of issues / voting / majority rule Only Puritans could be “freemen” Purpose of government was to enforce Gods laws

9 “We shall be as a city upon a hill”
Believers and nonbelievers alike all paid taxes Religious leaders had an enormous influence Supported separation of church and state Believed in a doctrine of a “calling to do Gods work Shared the “Protestant ethic” Commitment to work and engagement in worldly pursuits

10 Rhode Island “The Dissenters”
Quakers defied the authority of the Puritan clergy Ann Hutchinson Supported predestination Claimed holy life was not a sure sign of salvation (Heresy!) Antinomianism: the truly saved don’t need to obey the law of God or man (Heresy!) Said she came to these thoughts through direct revelation from God (Heresy!) Hutchinson is banished from the colony and moves to R.H.

11 Rhode Island “The Dissenters”
Roger Williams Extreme separatist, encouraged clean break with the Church of England Denied the authority of civil government to regulate religious behavior Banned in 1635 for disseminating “new and dangerous opinions Flees to Rhode Island in 1636 where he establishes freedom of religion No religious oath, no mandatory worship, no taxes to support the church

12 Connecticut Massachusetts Puritans move to Conn/Hartford
Led by Thomas Hooker 1635 Establish the Fundamental Orders (1639) Modern constitution Puritans also settle New Haven Absorbed into Connecticut in 1662

13 Colonies absorbed by Massachusetts
New Haven, Maine Colonies founded by Migrants from Massachusetts Rhode Island, New Haven, Connecticut, New Hampshire

14 Indians Disease devastates tribes Wampanoag Tribe befriends settlers
Squanto – English speaking translator Wampanoag chief Massasoit signs treaty with Pilgrims in 1621(celebrate thanksgiving) Pequot War (1637) English settlers annihilate Pequot tribe Bring decades of uneasy peace b/w Puritans & Indians Some Indians converted to Christianity

15 King Phillips War Indians resist with unity War ends in 1676
Pan-Indian Alliance against the spread of English Settlement Massasoit's son Metacom leads attacks on English War ends in 1676 52 Puritans towns attacked, 12 destroyed Metacom captured, beheaded (displayed on spike in Plymoth)

16 New England Confederation (1643)
Purpose to defend against enemies Indians, French, Dutch, ect Massachusetts, Plymouth, New Haven, scattered valley settlements English Civil War distracts Crown Charles II restored to thrown in 1660 Determined to take a more active role with colonies Dominion of New England Designed to promote/overlook the Navigation Laws

17 Dominion of New England
Led by Sir Edmund Andros Suspends town meetings, restricts courts, press and schools, revokes all land titles Taxes people without the consent of their elected representatives Enforces Navigation Laws Series of laws passed to regulate colonial shipping Only English ships were allowed to trade in English and colonial ports. All goods going to the colonies would first pass through England

18 Glorious Revolution King James II (Catholic) overthrown by William and Mary (Protestant) The Dominion of England Collapses Massachusetts named a Royal Colony in 1691 New Charter New Government Voting now extended to all male property owners, not just members of the church Salutary neglect ( ) Relaxed control over colonial trade and weak enforcement of Navigation Laws

19 The Dutch Henry Hudson claims land along the Hudson River
New Netherlands New Amsterdam (New York City) Company town run in the interest of stockholders of the West India Company No regard for religious toleration, free speech, democracy Governors harsh and aristocratic Patroonships – land granted to promoters who agreed to settle fifty people King Charles II grants New Netherlands to his brother the Duke of York Dutch forced to surrender, renamed New york

20 Pennsylvania Quakers – dissenters in England (persecuted)
“Quaked” under deep religious emotion Refused to support Church of England with taxes Believed they were all children of God People of deep religious conviction Refused military service Advocates of passive resistance

21 Pennsylvania (1681) William Penn (Quaker)
Wanted to establish an safe haven for his people First “American Advertising Man” Tried to lure settlers to Pennsylvania Bought land from Indians, established good relations Freedom of worship to all Representative assembly elected by landowners No tax supported church state Philadelphia grew quickly

22 New Jersey Quakers continue to settle region
East and West New Jersey are combined in becoming a royal colony

23 The Middle Colonies New York, New Jersey, Delaware, Pennsylvania
Fertile Soil Lumbering, Ship building, Fur Trade Diverse, Religious Toleration to an extent


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