1. Chapter 3: Settling the Northern Colonies

2. Beginning of Puritanism
Martin Luther’s 95 thesis (1517)
The Bible alone is the source of Gods word
People were saved simply by faith in Christ alone
Beginning of the Protestant Reformation

3. Calvinism John Calvin preached Calvinism
Ideas sweep England as Henry VIII breaks with the Roman Catholic Church
Predestination: Idea that those going to heaven or hell have already been determined by God
Only those predestined could go to heaven
Conversions: a sign that one was of the predestined and afterwards lead sanctified live and demonstrate their holy behavior

4. Puritans
Puritans: English protestant reformers seeking to “purify” the Church of England of Catholic rituals and creeds
Believed only visible saints should be admitted to the Church
King allows all subjects to join
Sitting the “damned” with the “visible”
Separatists: (extremists) decided to break away from the church (pilgrims) and flee religious persecution
King James sees them as a threat

5. The Plymouth Colony The Mayflower lands in Plymouth Bay (1620)
Mayflower Compact: agreement to form a government with majority rule. Created a foundation for self-government in the Plymouth Colony
Harsh winter in 1620 kills 44/102 colonists
Spring of 1621 brings good harvest (first Thanksgiving)
Plymouth proved the English could survive in the New world

6. The Plymouth Colony William Bradford elected governor thirty times
1691 it merges with the Massachusetts Bay Colony
Puritans large impact both morally and spiritually

7. Massachusetts Bay Colony
Non-seperatist Puritans secure Royal Charter
Largest start of any English Colony (1,000)
Great English Migration
70,000 refugees to the New World (not all puritans)
20,000 to Massachusetts, many more to the West Indies
John Winthrop becomes governor
Believed he had a calling from God to lead
Colony prospers from fur trade, fishing, ship building
Quickly becomes the biggest most influential colony in N.E.

8. “We shall be as a city upon a hill”
Colonists believed they had a covenant with God
Agreement to build a holy city to be a model for mankind
Rights were extended to “all freemen”
Adult men belonging to the congregation
No church membership / no vote / women no vote
2/5 males included
Public discussions of issues / voting / majority rule
Only Puritans could be “freemen”
Purpose of government was to enforce Gods laws

9. “We shall be as a city upon a hill”
Believers and nonbelievers alike all paid taxes
Religious leaders had an enormous influence
Supported separation of church and state
Believed in a doctrine of a “calling to do Gods work
Shared the “Protestant ethic”
Commitment to work and engagement in worldly pursuits

10. Rhode Island “The Dissenters”
Quakers defied the authority of the Puritan clergy
Ann Hutchinson
Supported predestination
Claimed holy life was not a sure sign of salvation (Heresy!)
Antinomianism: the truly saved don’t need to obey the law of God or man (Heresy!)
Said she came to these thoughts through direct revelation from God (Heresy!)
Hutchinson is banished from the colony and moves to R.H.

11. Rhode Island “The Dissenters”
Roger Williams
Extreme separatist, encouraged clean break with the Church of England
Denied the authority of civil government to regulate religious behavior
Banned in 1635 for disseminating “new and dangerous opinions
Flees to Rhode Island in 1636 where he establishes freedom of religion
No religious oath, no mandatory worship, no taxes to support the church

12. Connecticut Massachusetts Puritans move to Conn/Hartford
Led by Thomas Hooker 1635
Establish the Fundamental Orders (1639)
Modern constitution
Puritans also settle New Haven
Absorbed into Connecticut in 1662

13. Colonies absorbed by Massachusetts
New Haven, Maine
Colonies founded by Migrants from Massachusetts
Rhode Island, New Haven, Connecticut, New Hampshire

14. Indians Disease devastates tribes Wampanoag Tribe befriends settlers
Squanto – English speaking translator
Wampanoag chief Massasoit signs treaty with Pilgrims in 1621(celebrate thanksgiving)
Pequot War (1637)
English settlers annihilate Pequot tribe
Bring decades of uneasy peace b/w Puritans & Indians
Some Indians converted to Christianity

15. King Phillips War Indians resist with unity War ends in 1676
Pan-Indian Alliance against the spread of English Settlement
Massasoit's son Metacom leads attacks on English
War ends in 1676
52 Puritans towns attacked, 12 destroyed
Metacom captured, beheaded (displayed on spike in Plymoth)

16. New England Confederation (1643)
Purpose to defend against enemies
Indians, French, Dutch, ect
Massachusetts, Plymouth, New Haven, scattered valley settlements
English Civil War distracts Crown
Charles II restored to thrown in 1660
Determined to take a more active role with colonies
Dominion of New England
Designed to promote/overlook the Navigation Laws

17. Dominion of New England
Led by Sir Edmund Andros
Suspends town meetings, restricts courts, press and schools, revokes all land titles
Taxes people without the consent of their elected representatives
Enforces Navigation Laws
Series of laws passed to regulate colonial shipping
Only English ships were allowed to trade in English and colonial ports.
All goods going to the colonies would first pass through England

18. Glorious Revolution
King James II (Catholic) overthrown by William and Mary (Protestant)
The Dominion of England Collapses
Massachusetts named a Royal Colony in 1691
New Charter
New Government
Voting now extended to all male property owners, not just members of the church
Salutary neglect ( )
Relaxed control over colonial trade and weak enforcement of Navigation Laws

19. The Dutch Henry Hudson claims land along the Hudson River
New Netherlands
New Amsterdam (New York City)
Company town run in the interest of stockholders of the West India Company
No regard for religious toleration, free speech, democracy
Governors harsh and aristocratic
Patroonships – land granted to promoters who agreed to settle fifty people
King Charles II grants New Netherlands to his brother the Duke of York
Dutch forced to surrender, renamed New york

20. Pennsylvania Quakers – dissenters in England (persecuted)
“Quaked” under deep religious emotion
Refused to support Church of England with taxes
Believed they were all children of God
People of deep religious conviction
Refused military service
Advocates of passive resistance

21. Pennsylvania (1681) William Penn (Quaker)
Wanted to establish an safe haven for his people
First “American Advertising Man”
Tried to lure settlers to Pennsylvania
Bought land from Indians, established good relations
Freedom of worship to all
Representative assembly elected by landowners
No tax supported church state
Philadelphia grew quickly

22. New Jersey Quakers continue to settle region
East and West New Jersey are combined in becoming a royal colony

23. The Middle Colonies New York, New Jersey, Delaware, Pennsylvania
Fertile Soil
Lumbering, Ship building, Fur Trade
Diverse, Religious Toleration to an extent