1. Introduction to Kinesiology

2. Kinesiology Study of movement
Combination of anatomy, physiology, physics and geometry and relates them to human movement
Utilizes principles of mechanics, musculoskeletal anatomy & neuromuscular phisiology

3. Biomechanics Mechanical principles related to the human body
Static Dynamic
non moving moving
Kinetics Kinematics- time, space, mass forces that cause movement `aspects of a moving system

4. Basic principles Motions a particular joint allows
elbow: flexion and extension
Muscle must span a particular joint surface to cause a certain motion
span anteriorly to flex, posteriorly to extend
Muscle’s line of pull
biceps brachi vertical muscle on anterior surface
Particular action of a specific muscle
biceps flex elbow

5. Anatomical Position Anatomical position Standing upright
Eyes facing forward
Feet parallel and close together
Arms at side of body
Palms facing forward
Fundamental position
Same as anatomical position
Except palms facing side of body

6. Descriptive Terminology
Medial: toward midline
Lateral: away from midline
Anterior (ventral): front of body
Posterior (dorsal): back of body
Distal: location on extremity AWAY from trunk
Proximal: location on extremity TOWARDS trunk

7. Superior: upper surface of organ or structure; part above another
Inferior: lower surface of organ or structure; part below another
Cranial (cephalad): toward the head
Caudal: toward the feet
Superficial: close to surface layer of body
Deep: within or under another surface or layer of the body

8. Supine: person lying straight with the face / anterior surface pointed upward
Prone: horizontal with face or anterior surface, pointed downward
Bilateral: two or both sides
Contralateral: opposite side
Ipsilateral: same side of the body

9. Segments of the body
Arm
Forearm
Hand
Thigh
Leg
Foot
Thorax

10. Motion Linear motion (translatory motion)
Occurs in straight line from one location to another
All parts move same distance, same direction, at same time
RECTILINEAR: straight line (sledding)
CURVILINEAR: curved path (diver)

11. Angular Motion (Rotatory motion)
Movement of an object around a fixed point
All parts of the object move through same angle, in same direction, at same time BUT, do not move the same distance.
Most body movements are ANGULAR!
During knee flexion the foot travels farther through space than ankle or leg
Elbow flexion

12. LINEAR AND ANGULAR MOVEMENTS OFTEN OCCUR TOGETHER
Whole object moves in linear manner; individual parts of the object move in angular manner
Person walking
Overall movement linear
Individual joint movements angular.

13. Joint Movements Osteokinematics Arthrokinematics
Relationship of movement relationship of joint surface of bones around a joint axis movement

14. Joint Movements Flexion/extension Abduction/adduction Circumduction
Rotation (medial/lateral)
Inversion/eversion
Protraction/retraction
Supination/pronation
Plantar flexion/dorsiflexion
Horizontal adduction/horizontal abduction
Ulnar deviation/radial deviation
Lateral bending

15. Flexion Extension Hyperextension Abduction Adduction
Bending movement of one bone on another, bringing the two segments together & causing an increase of joint angle
Extension
Straightening movement of one bone away from another, causing an increase of joint angle
Hyperextension
Continuation of extension beyond the anatomical position
Abduction
Movement away from midline of the body
Adduction

16. Horizontal abduction and adduction
Does not occur from anatomical position
Must be proceeded by either flexion or abduction of shoulder joint so that arm is at shoulder level
From this position movement backward - Horizontal abduction
movement forward- Horizontal adduction
Radial deviation- hand move laterally towards thumb side
Ulnar deviation - hand move medially towards little finger side
Circumduction
Circular cone-shaped motion
Combination of flexion, abduction, extension and adduction
Rotation
Movement of a bone or part around its longitudinal axis
Medial rotation- anterior surface rolls inward toward the midline
Lateral rotation- anterior surface rolls outward away from midline

17. Supination & Pronation
Rotation of fore arm
Supination- faces palm of hand forward & anteriorly
Pronation- faces palm of hand postariorly
Inversion
Moving the sole of foot inward at ankle
Eversion
Moving the sole of foot outward at ankle
Protraction
Linear movement along a plane parallel to ground away from midline
Retraction
Linear movement in the same plane toward midline

18. Thank You