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Different forms of a gene
allele Different forms of a gene allele
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Offspring = tt ? Both parents contribute
Recessive allele Offspring = tt ? Both parents contribute Recessive allele
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Have 2 identical alleles for a trait
homozygous Have 2 identical alleles for a trait homozygous
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Independent assortment
During gamete formation, genes for dif. Traits separate without influencing others (2 words) Independent assortment
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One allele for a gene is not completely dominant over the other
Incomplete dominance One allele for a gene is not completely dominant over the other Incomplete dominance
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4 dif. Versions of the gene for rabbit coat color
Multiple alleles 4 dif. Versions of the gene for rabbit coat color Multiple alleles
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2 haploid cells Meiosis I produces 2 haploid cells
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2 diploid cells Mitosis produces 2 diploid cells
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Variation in human skin color ex. Of?
Polygenic traits Variation in human skin color ex. Of? Polygenic traits
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Gametes are produced by what process
meiosis Gametes are produced by what process meiosis
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Homologous pair of chromosomes each with 2 chromatids
tetrad Homologous pair of chromosomes each with 2 chromatids tetrad
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2 genes rarely assort independently, so they are located
Close to each other 2 genes rarely assort independently, so they are located Close to each other
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A good molecule for storing info
DNA A good molecule for storing info DNA
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Can be joined together in any order like letters of the alphabet
DNA Can be joined together in any order like letters of the alphabet DNA
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Before cell division, this happens
DNA replication Before cell division, this happens DNA replication
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What do bacteriophages infect
bacteria What do bacteriophages infect bacteria
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What organism has DNA in a nucleus
eukaryotes What organism has DNA in a nucleus eukaryotes
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During DNA replication, what binds with what
A-T and C-G During DNA replication, what binds with what A-T and C-G
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This results in 2 DNA molecules; one new and one old
DNA replication This results in 2 DNA molecules; one new and one old DNA replication
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Which cells in the accurate transmission of info most important
Sex cells Which cells in the accurate transmission of info most important Sex cells
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Deoxyribose and phosphate group
What 2 things are needed for a cytosine nucleotide Deoxyribose and phosphate group
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Rule Tells us % of Adenine = % of thymine
Base pairing Rule Tells us % of Adenine = % of thymine Base pairing
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Unlike DNA, RNA contains what?
uracil Unlike DNA, RNA contains what? uracil
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mRNA Type of RNA that brings info (from genetic code) from nucleus to rest of cell mRNA
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In transcription; the RNA is _______ to DNA
complementary In transcription; the RNA is _______ to DNA complementary
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Cell uses a mRNA to code to make proteins
translation Cell uses a mRNA to code to make proteins translation
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Genes contain instructions to make what?
proteins Genes contain instructions to make what? proteins
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A cell reads instructions in DNA to make a protein
Gene expression A cell reads instructions in DNA to make a protein Gene expression
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eukaryotes What type of cell has transcription in the nucleus and translation in the cytoplasm eukaryotes
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Most mutations have ______ effect on an organism
No (none) Most mutations have ______ effect on an organism No (none)
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Human females produce egg cells that have _________ chromosome
One X Human females produce egg cells that have _________ chromosome One X
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How many chromosomes are shown in a normal human karyotype
46 How many chromosomes are shown in a normal human karyotype 46
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Sex-linked genes are located on what chromosome/s
X and Y Sex-linked genes are located on what chromosome/s X and Y
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The failure of chromosomes to separate during meiosis is called
nondisjunction The failure of chromosomes to separate during meiosis is called nondisjunction
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X chromosome This contains genes vital for normal development (no baby has been born without it) X chromosome
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If nondisjunction occurs during meiosis, some gametes may have this
Extra copies of genes If nondisjunction occurs during meiosis, some gametes may have this Extra copies of genes
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Project is an attempt to sequence the DNA of every human gene
Human Genome Project is an attempt to sequence the DNA of every human gene Human Genome
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proteins More than 40% of ______ coded for in the human genome are similar to those found in other organisms proteins
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Amino acid 64 codons & 20 amino acids = Several different codons can specify the same ___________ Amino acid
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This leads to bigger and stronger plants compared to diploid plants
Polyploidy This leads to bigger and stronger plants compared to diploid plants Polyploidy
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