1. Why is it important?
Why do I need to know this in “real life”?
What is it?
What will we learn?
What do I need to do to be successful in biology?

2. Biology is the scientific study of life.
But what is life? Properties of life include order, reproduction, growth and development, energy processing, regulation, response to the environment, and evolutionary adaptation.
The cell is the structural and functional unit of life.
ask students to pair up with someone sitting near them to identify examples of the seven properties of life in some organism from your region (or perhaps a school mascot, if appropriate).

3. Biodiversity
Taxonomists name species and classify them into broader groups.
Biologists organized living organisms into three higher levels called domains.
Domains Bacteria and Archaea contain organisms with simple cells.
Domain Eukarya includes various protists and the kingdoms Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia.

4. Levels of Organization
Biologists study life across a very broad range of scales, from the molecules in a cell to the entire living planet.
They divide this vast scope of biology into a series of structural levels.
Emergent properties result from the specific arrangement and interactions among component parts.

5. Why are these emergent properties important?
US Census Bureau
Population In US (2017) approx. 328 billion
Estimated that 1 million people in the US are infected with HIV
Concerning?
What does it mean?
1 out of every 328 people in US are infected with HIV
Not evenly distributed among geographic and ethnic groups…But…..what does that mean to you?

6. Science is a way of knowing—an approach to understanding the natural world.
Science uses an evidence-based process of inquiry to investigate the natural world.
The scientific approach involves observations, hypotheses, predictions, tests of hypotheses via experiments or additional observations, and analysis of data.
A scientific theory is broad in scope and supported by a large body of evidence
-laws describe and theories explain
-scientific knowledge reflects tentative knowledge with degrees of confidence closely correlated to the related evidence

7. Think-Pair-Share
Some scientists argue that one of the most important characteristics of science is “doubt”.
Think: why is “doubt” is an important part of science
Pair with a partner on your right
Share your answers with each other. You may be called to share your answers with the class.

8. What I'm asking you to do comes down to believing, in the absence of evidence, on my say-so.

9. http://urbanlegends. about

10. Flashlight doesn’t work.
Observation:
Flashlight doesn’t work.
Question:
Why doesn’t the
flashlight work?
Hypothesis #1:
Batteries are dead.
Hypothesis #2:
Bulb is burned out.

11. Flashlight doesn’t work.
Observation:
Flashlight doesn’t work.
Question:
Why doesn’t the
flashlight work?
Hypothesis #1:
Batteries are dead.
Hypothesis #2:
Bulb is burned out.
Prediction:
Replacing batteries
will fix problem.
Prediction:
Replacing bulb
will fix problem.
Test of prediction:
Replace batteries.
Test of prediction:
Replace bulb.

12. Flashlight doesn’t work.
Observation:
Flashlight doesn’t work.
Question:
Why doesn’t the
flashlight work?
Hypothesis #1:
Batteries are dead.
Hypothesis #2:
Bulb is burned out.
Prediction:
Replacing batteries
will fix problem.
Prediction:
Replacing bulb
will fix problem.
Test of prediction:
Replace batteries.
Test of prediction:
Replace bulb.
Results:
Flashlight doesn’t work.
Hypothesis is contradicted.
Results:
Flashlight works.
Hypothesis is supported.

13. In an experimental test of a hypothesis, researchers often manipulate one component in a system and observes the effects of this change.
The factor that is manipulated is called the independent variable.
The measure used to judge the outcome of the experiment is called the dependent variable. This variable depends on the manipulated variable.
A controlled experiment compares an experimental group with a control group.

14. The use of control and experimental groups can demonstrate the effect of a single variable. For example, researchers found that mice models that did not match their habitat had higher predation rates than camouflaged models.
Hypotheses can be tested in humans with clinical trials, as well as retrospective or prospective observational studies.

15. Scientists tested hypotheses about the evolutionary relationships of red pandas.
Based on observations of physical similarities, scientists initially hypothesized that the red panda was most closely related to raccoons.
Other scientists, observing that the diet and habitat of red pandas were similar to those of giant pandas, placed the two pandas together in their own family.
But recent studies comparing DNA sequences led scientists to classify red pandas as the only living species of their own family.
Should red pandas
be grouped with
raccoons or with
giant pandas? ? ?

16. Think-Pair-Share
Think: Explain why comparisons of DNA sequences are considered observational and not experimental data.
Pair with partner on the left
Share your answers and reasoning. Be prepared to be possibly called on.
Scientists are not manipulating DNA sequences in any type of experiment but are simply recording and comparing the differences in sequences that they observe.

17. Forming and testing hypotheses at the core of science
Forming and testing hypotheses at the core of science. This endeavor is influenced by three spheres:
exploration and discovery,
analysis and feedback from the scientific community, and
societal benefits and outcomes.
Exploration and
discovery
Formation and
testing of
hypotheses
Feedback from
the scientific
community
Societal benefits
and outcomes

18. Goals of Science vs. Technology
The goal of science is to understand natural phenomena.
In contrast, the goal of technology is to apply scientific knowledge for some specific purpose.
These two fields, however, are interdependent. Technological advances stem from scientific research, and research benefits from new technologies.

19. Think-Pair-Share
Using only examples not previously discussed today, what is one example of technology that has led to a specific scientific advancement?
Pair up with your partner on the right
Share your ideas with each other. Be ready to be called upon.
Example: better microscopes increased our understanding of the structures within cells. Instruments that measure sound detected frequencies used by bats but beyond human perception

20. Five Themes of Biology

21. Theme 1: Evolution
Life is distinguished by its unity and its diversity.
The scientific explanation for this unity and diversity is evolution, the process of change that has transformed life on Earth from its earliest forms to the vast array of organisms living today.

22. Which most closely resembles your current belief system?
God created man pretty much in his present form at one time within the last 10,000 years.
Man has developed over millions of years from less advanced forms of life, but God guided this process, including man's creation.
Man has developed over millions of years from less advanced forms of life. God had no part in this process.

23. Directions for Poll Go to course webpage: www.Biology100VVC.weebly.com
Locate “lectures” and click drop down menu and find “week 1”
Locate Poll and make your selection.

24. What is different about the class compared to the population polled?
The class is younger and at a college education level. 
The poll would have included young and old with various degrees.
Larger sample size used in poll

25. Naturalistic Evolution
Dec 2010 Gallup Poll
Belief system>
Creationist view
Theistic evolution
Naturalistic Evolution
Beliefs--> 
Education level
God created man pretty much in his present form at one time within the last 10,000 years.
Man has developed over millions of years from less advanced forms of life, but God guided this process, including man's creation.
Man has developed over millions of years from less advanced forms of life. God had no part in this process.
High school or less
47%
34% 9%
Some college
44%
36%
16%
College graduate
37%
38%
21%
Post-graduate
22%
49%
25%
Think-Pair-Share
Look over the data and make some conclusions
Pair up with the person on your left
Share your conclusions (you may be called on to share with class)

27. Agree or disagree? Evolution and religion are incompatible.
If this question was asked to scientists, what do they predict would be the outcome?

28. Naturalistic Evolution
Scientists (1997)
Belief system
Creationist view
Theistic evolution
Naturalistic Evolution
Group of adults
God created man pretty much in his present form at one time within the last 10,000 years.
Man has developed over millions of years from less advanced forms of life, but God guided this process, including man's creation.
Man has developed over millions of years from less advanced forms of life. God had no part in this process.
Everyone
44%
39%
10%
Scientists 5%
40%
55%

29. Misconception
A belief in science excludes a belief in religion. 

30. Religion and science (evolution) are very different things
Religion and science (evolution) are very different things. In science, only natural causes are used to explain natural phenomena, while religion deals with beliefs that are beyond the natural world.
The misconception that one always has to choose between science and religion is incorrect. Of course, some religious beliefs explicitly contradict science (e.g., the belief that the world and all life on it was created in six literal days); however, most religious groups have no conflict with the theory of evolution or other scientific findings. In fact, many religious people, including theologians, feel that a deeper understanding of nature actually enriches their faith. Moreover, in the scientific community there are thousands of scientists who are devoutly religious and also accept evolution.

31. Current Director for the NIH (National Institutes of Health) sees no conflict
He first trained as a chemist, then became a physician, discovering God while trying to sort out the mysteries of life and death at age 27 during his residency at the University of North Carolina. He later landed at the University of Michigan, where he drew attention for codiscovering the gene mutations for cystic fibrosis in In 1993, he received an unexpected invitation from then director of the NIH, Bernadine Healy, to succeed James Watson as the head of the Human Genome Project-- which Collins first declined, but later accepted.
He believes that God created life through evolution (and he rejects intelligent design and creationism). However, Collins chose to use the term BioLogos because of the association of evolution with atheism that occurs in some religious communities
The Language of God: A Scientist Presents Evidence for Belief (Free Press, 2006), spent many weeks on the New York Times bestseller list.

32. Theme: Evolution is the core theme of biology
Darwin synthesized the theory of evolution by natural selection.

33. Example of Natural Selection in action1
Population with varied
inherited traits.
Figure 1.9b_1 An example of natural selection in action (step 1)

34. Example of Natural Selection in action.1
Population with varied
inherited traits. 2
Elimination of individuals
with certain traits and
reproduction of survivors.
Figure 1.9b_2 An example of natural selection in action (step 2)

35. Example of Natural Selection in Action1
Population with varied
inherited traits. 2
Elimination of individuals
with certain traits and
reproduction of survivors. 3
Increasing frequency of
traits that enhance survival
and reproductive success.
Figure 1.9b_3 An example of natural selection in action (step 3)

36. Each species on Earth today has a family history.
Procyonidae
(Raccoons)
Each species on Earth today has a family history.
A species represents one twig on a branching tree of life that extends back in time through ancestral species more and more remote.
Common
ancestor of
red pandas,
raccoons,
and weasels
Mustelidae
(Weasels, otters)
Ailuridae
(Red pandas)
Mephitidae
(Skunks)
Common
ancestor of
red pandas and
giant pandas
Phocidae
(Seals)
Ursidae (Giant
pandas, other bears)
Canidae (Dogs,
wolves, foxes)

37. Evolutionary theory is useful in medicine, conservation, and agriculture.
Through the selective breeding of plants and animals, humans also act as agents of evolution.
As a result of artificial selection, our crops, livestock, and pets bear little resemblance to their wild ancestors.

38. Theme 2: Life depends on the flow of information
Figure 1.11a
Theme 2: Life depends on the flow of information T A
The processes of life all depend on the transmission and use of information.
DNA is responsible for heredity and for programming the activities of a cell by providing the blueprint for proteins.
Information from the external and internal environment includes the stimuli, signals, and pathways that regulate body processes and gene expression. A T C G A T T A A C G G C T C G C A T A T G T A

39. DNA
Protein X
RNA transcribed
from gene X
Gene X
RNA
Cellular
machinery
Information flow
Protein Y
RNA transcribed
from gene Y
Gene Y
Information flow

40. Pancreas 1
Signal:
high blood
glucose level 2
Pancreatic
cell releases
insulin 4
Glucose
Normal blood
glucose level
removes
signal, insulin
release stops 3
Insulin binding
stimulates
body cells to
take up glucose
Normal blood
glucose level

41. Theme 3: Structure and function are related
The relationship between structure and function can be observed at every level of life.
At the molecular level, the structure of a protein correlates with its function. For example, hemoglobin molecules transport oxygen in blood.
On the cellular level, the long extensions of nerve cells enable them to transmit impulses from your spinal cord to your toes.
Radial sesamoid
bone (“false thumb”)

42. Theme 4: Life depends on the transfer and transformation of energy and matter
Energy flows through an ecosystem in one direction
entering as sunlight,
converted to chemical energy by producers,
passed on to consumers, and
exiting as heat.

43. Think-Pair-Share
Develop a list of environmental components that interact with an organism.
Share with a partner on your right
Determine which are nonliving and which are living of your two lists

44. Theme 4: Life depends on the transfer and transformation of energy and matter
Ecosystems are characterized by the cycling of matter
from the atmosphere and soil,
through producers, consumers, and decomposers,
then back to the environment.
FLOW OF ENERGY
Sun
Inflow of
light energy
Outflow
of heat
Consumers
(animals)
Producers
(plants)
Leaves take up
CO2 from air; roots
absorb H2O and
minerals from soil
Chemical energy
in food
Decomposers such
as worms, fungi,
and bacteria return
chemicals to soil

45. Theme 5: Life depends on interactions within and between systems
The study of life extends from the microscopic scale of the molecules and cells that make up an organism to the global scale of the living planet.
Emergent properties are the result of interactions between the components of a system.
Using an approach called systems biology, scientists attempt to model the behavior of biological systems by analyzing the interactions among their parts.

46. Must Know: Describe seven properties common to all life.
Compare the three domains of life.
Describe the levels of biological organization from molecules to the biosphere, noting the interrelationships between levels.
Describe the concept of emergent properties.
Define science and distinguish between a hypothesis and a scientific theory.
Describe the structure of a controlled experiment.

47. Explain how hypotheses can be used to test observational data.
Explain how science is repetitive, nonlinear, and collaborative.
Describe the relationship between science and technology.
Describe the process and products of natural selection.
Explain how evolution impacts the lives of all humans.
Explain how DNA determines an organism’s structures and functions.
Describe the relationship between structure and function in biology.
Compare the dynamics of nutrients and energy in an ecosystem.
Explain how systems biology is used to understand biological systems.