2. Prokaryote v. Eukaryote

3. Cytoplasm Cellular material outside nucleus but inside plasma membrane
Composed of Cytosol, Cytoskeleton, Cytoplasmic Inclusions, Organelles
Cytosol: fluid portion. Dissolved molecules (ions in water) and colloid (proteins in water)

4. Cytoskeleton
Supports the cell but has to allow for movements like changes in cell shape and movements of cilia
Microtubules: hollow, made of tubulin.
Internal scaffold, transport, cell division
Microfilaments: actin.
Structure, support for microvilli, contractility, movement
Intermediate filaments: mechanical strength
Cytoplasmic inclusions: aggregates of chemicals such as lipid droplets, melanin

5. The Nucleus and Cytoplasmic Organelles
Small specialized structures with particular functions
Most have membranes that separate interior of organelles from cytoplasm
Related to specific structure and function of the cell

6. Nucleus Membrane-bound Nucleoplasm, nucleolus and nuclear envelope
Much of the DNA in a cell located here

7. Chromosome Structure Chromatin: DNA complexed with proteins (histones)
During cell division, chromatin condenses into pairs of chromatids called chromosomes. Each pair of chromatids is joined by a centromere

8. Ribosomes Sites of protein synthesis
Composed of a large and a small subunit
Types
Free
Attached (to endoplasmic reticulum)

9. Ribosomes

10. Endoplasmic Reticulum
Types
Rough
Has attached ribosomes
Proteins produced and modified
Smooth
No attached ribosomes
Manufactures lipids
Cisternae: Interior spaces isolated from rest of cytoplasm

11. Golgi Apparatus
Modification, packaging, distribution of proteins and lipids for secretion or internal use
Flattened membrane sacs stacked on each other

12. Function of Golgi Apparatus

13. Action of Lysosomes

14. Peroxisomes and Proteasomes
Smaller than lysosomes
Contain enzymes to break down fatty acids and amino acids
Hydrogen peroxide is a by-product of breakdown
Proteasomes
Consist of large protein complexes
Include several enzymes that break down and recycle proteins in cell

15. Mitochondria Major site of ATP synthesis Membranes
Cristae: Infoldings of inner membrane
Matrix: Substance located in space formed by inner membrane
Mitochondria increase in number when cell energy requirements increase.
Mitochondria contain DNA that codes for some of the proteins needed for mitochondria production.

16. Centrioles and Spindle Fibers
Located in centrosome: specialized zone near nucleus
Center of microtubule formation
Before cell division, centrioles divide, move to ends of cell and organize spindle fibers

17. Cilia Appendages projecting from cell surfaces Capable of movement
Moves materials over the cell surface

18. Flagella Similar to cilia but longer Usually only one per cell
Move the cell itself in wave-like fashion
Example: sperm cell

19. Microvilli Extension of plasma membrane Increase the cell surface area
Normally many on each cell
One tenth to one twentieth size of cilia
Do not move

20. Inside a Cell

21. Instagram
Come up with a instagram name and create an instagram feed for at least the following organelles + 2 more.
Nucleus
Ribosomes
Golgi Apparatus
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Mitochondria

22. Example

23. Example

24. Fishbowl
Write down 3 words from the last couple days on a sheet of paper.
We will review vocab.
Round 1: Taboo (can use any words to get rest of group to guess)
Round 2: One word
Round 3: Charades