1. The Ottawa Charter as an Effective Health Promotion Framework - Overview
As you learn about the Ottawa Charter as an effective health promotion framework it is important to understand the philosophy behind it as well as its historical significance.
The Ottawa Charter for health promotion is the most widely used health promotion framework and was developed after the World Health Organisation held an international conference on health promotion in 1986.
It is the first of its type to consider all the determinants of health and not just see health as the absence of disease.
You to learn about the five action areas of the framework: 
Developing Personal Skills
Creating Supportive Environments
Strengthening Community Action
Reorienting Health Services
Building Healthy Public Policy.
You need to explain how this framework has contributed to successful health promotion initiatives in Australia and NSW, with the examples of reducing road injuries and tobacco use suggested.
This will come up again in the HSC

2. The Historical Significance of the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion
The historical significance of the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion begins with the original conference.
This conference was held by the World Health Organisation in Ottawa, Canada on 21st November 1986.
It was the First International Conference on Health Promotion.
The conference was held in response to the expectation around the world for a new public health movement.
The Ottawa Charter provided a positive definition for health (something to pursue, rather than something to be avoided)
Encouraged the collaborative approach to health promotion that aims to promote health through changing the social determinants of health.
The Ottawa Charter outlined three (3) strategies for health promotion:
Advocacy
Mediating
Enabling.
These strategies are then applied in the five (5) action areas

3. The Historical Significance of the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion Cont…
One of the key landmarks for the Ottawa Charter is that it made preventative health promotion a priority.
Also sought to promote health by empowering the individual, communities, governments and organisations to prevent poor health (easier for people to stop risk behaviours and participate in more protective behaviours).
It also sought to shape the context around people to make health more likely to be achieved, and sought after.
The historical significance of the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion is about the reorientation of health promotion away from avoiding disease and towards prevention through a multi-sectoral approach using the 3 strategies:
advocacy, mediating and enabling
And 5 action areas:
Building healthy public policy
Creating supportive environments
Strengthening community action
Developing personal skills
Reorienting health services

4. Developing Personal Skills
What does this mean?
Supporting the personal and social development of the individual
What is the aim?
To educate, provide health information and to improve decision making, communication and life skills
What does it involve?
Modifying personal behaviours to enable people to learn throughout life
To prepare them for all of its stages
To cope with chronic illness and injuries
Developing time management skills and assertiveness to deal with stress
Accessing information and support to quit smoking
Who is responsible?
Facilitated in school, home, work and community settings
Action required through educational, professional, commercial and voluntary bodies

5. Creating Supportive Environments
What does this mean?
Making the places people live, work and play (eg workplaces, families, support groups, schools) the source of good health
What is the aim?
To take care of each other, our communities and our environment
Conserve our natural and built environments
Organise our work and social environments in a way that makes them safe, satisfying, stimulating and enjoyable
This enhances healthy decisions and behaviours due to support
What does it involve?
Support networks and community services
Eg emotional or financial support for a family
Eg community support group – AA
Includes environmental influences on health
Eg programs that respond to the impact of changing technology, work, energy production and urbanisation and act to ensure positive health benefits for the public
Who is responsible?
Global responsibility that needs to be undertaken by governments, communities, employers, unions and families

6. Strengthening Community Action
What does this mean?
Giving communities the power to identify their own health priorities and then take action, in partnership with other agencies, to address them
What is the aim?
For communities to establish ‘ownership’ of the health problems specific to their population
Then work with others to solve them
What does it involve?
Empowering communities to take action
Eg – giving communities an opportunity to lobby
Lines of communication to express concerns
Representation at all levels of government
Learning opportunities for health
Information required to access funding
Who is responsible?
Community and local agencies including:
Schools
State and local government
Interest groups
Clubs
Planning bodies

7. Re-orienting Health Services
What does this mean?
Moving away from the ‘clinical and curative services’ approach to a more ‘preventative’ approach
Stronger attention to research and professional training
What is the aim?
Establish in health professionals a more holistic attitude
What does it involve?
Identifying the range of services available (hospitals, community health centres, nursing homes etc)
Gaining access to health services (Medicare, establishment of health services in geographically accessible locations)
Moving from cure to prevention
Who is responsible?
Shared among individuals, community groups, health professionals, health service institutions and governments

8. Building Health Public Policy
What does this mean?
Ensuring that decisions made at all levels of government and organisations are made so that they work towards health improvements
What is the aim?
To put health on the agenda of policy makers in all sectors at all levels.
Ensure legislation, policies, taxations, fiscal and organisational change are all undertaken with their impact on the health of the population in mind
What does it involve?
Identifying the influence of policies on health (Eg compulsory health policies, legislation, monitoring by police and media campaigns have combined to impact on health)
Identifying and removing obstacles to the adoption of healthy policy (Eg demonstrating long term advantages of energy efficient house design to governments who are drafting planning laws
Influencing policy (Eg lobbying by community bodies – NRMA – advocating for better engineering of roads/cars to improve motor vehicle safety
Who is responsible?
Governments, public servants, commercial enterprises, lobby groups, unions, non-government organisations and peak bodies – take joint action to improve health outcomes