1. Tissues
Ch 5

2. Distinguish among the four major types of tissue with respect to their structure, function, and location.
Tissue Type
Structure
Function
Location
Epithelial
Connective
Muscle
Nervous

3. Distinguish among the four major types of tissue with respect to their structure, function, and location.
Tissue Type
Structure
Function
Location
Epithelial
Tightly packed
Protective coverings; secretion; absorption
Body surface; cover internal organs
Connective
Spread out
Bind, support, protect, fill spaces, store fat, produce blood cells
Throughout the body
Muscle
Three types: skeletal, smooth, cardiac
Movement
Attached to bones; heart; walls of internal organs
Nervous
Mostly long and thin to transmit impulses
Coordination, regulation, integration, and sensory reception
Brain, spinal cord, nerves

4. Journal 8/13: Connective, Epithelial, Muscular, or Nervous?
Bone and blood are examples
Used in movement
Skin
Most widespread type
Heart
Protection
Binds, supports, fills spaces
Transmits electric impulses
Attached to bones
Covers body surface and organs
Coordination and integration
Very tightly packed
Brain, spinal cord

5. Epithelial Tissue Throughout the body Tightly packed.
Covers organs, lines body cavities, and lines hollow organs.
Typically do not have much blood supply.

6. Epithelial Tissue
Anchored to connective tissue by a basement membrane.
Readily divide, so wounds heal quickly.

7. Different types of epithelium:
Two Factors
Cell Shape
Squamous – flat
Cuboidal – cube-shaped
Columnar – long and thin
Number of Layers
Simple – one layer
Stratified – more than one layer

8. Different types of epithelium:
Simple Squamous – air sacs of lungs, walls of capillaries, blood vessel walls...
Simple Cuboidal – covers ovaries, kidney tubules...
Simple Columnar – uterus, digestive tract...

9. Different types of epithelium:
Stratified Squamous – skin, oral cavity, anal canal...
Stratified Cuboidal – mammary glands, sweat glands, pancreas...
Stratified Columnar – male urethra, ductus deferens, pharynx...

10. Different types of epithelium:
Pseudostratified Columnar – Looks stratified, but it’s actually one layer; found in respiratory system.
Transitional epithelium – changes in response to the situation; bladder, ureters...
Glandular epithelium – Used to secrete substances (usually columnar or cuboidal.)

11. Classification of Glands
Type of Gland
Secretes...
Example
Endocrine
Into blood or other fluid
Hormone secretion

12. Classification of Glands
Type of Gland
Secretes...
Example
Endocrine
Into blood or other fluid
Hormone secretion
Exocrine
Into ducts on open surfaces
- Merocrine
- Apocrine
- Holocrine

13. Classification of Glands
Type of Gland
Secretes...
Example
Endocrine
Into blood or other fluid
Hormone secretion
Exocrine
Into ducts on open surfaces
- Merocrine
Through exocytosis
Salivary, pancreatic, sweat
- Apocrine
- Holocrine

14. Classification of Glands
Type of Gland
Secretes...
Example
Endocrine
Into blood or other fluid
Hormone secretion
Exocrine
Into ducts on open surfaces
- Merocrine
Through exocytosis
Salivary, pancreatic, sweat
- Apocrine
With small portions of the cell
Mammary, ear canal
- Holocrine

15. Classification of Glands
Type of Gland
Secretes...
Example
Endocrine
Into blood or other fluid
Hormone secretion
Exocrine
Into ducts on open surfaces
- Merocrine
Through exocytosis
Salivary, pancreatic, sweat
- Apocrine
With small portions of the cell
Mammary, ear canal
- Holocrine
with entire cells that disintegrate
Sebaceous (skin)

16. Journal 8/14 Which tissue type is characterized by...
Fills in spaces, binds, protects
Composes glands
Sends impulses for communication
Most widely distributed
Forms protective coverings
Involved in movement
Includes brain and spinal cord

17. Connective Tissue
Bind structures, support, protect, serve as framework, store fat, fill spaces, make blood cells, protect against infections, and help repair tissue damage
Further apart than epithelial cells

18. Connective Tissue
They have an extracellular matrix between their cells.
Most can divide.
Most have good blood supply.

19. Connective Tissue Cells
Cell Types
Fibroblasts – produce fibers
Macrophages – scavenger and defensive cells through phagocytosis
Mast cells – prevents blood clotting and reacts to outsiders

20. Connective Tissue Fibers
Collagenous fibers – collagen; long parallel bundles; flexible, but not elastic; dense; appear white
Elastic fibers – spring-like elastin; weaker, but easily stretch and bouce back; appear yellow
Reticular fibers – thin collagenous fibers; form delicate supporting network

21. Types of Connective Tissue
Loose Connective Tissue
Areolar – delicate, thin membranes; mostly fibroblasts; collagenous and elastic fibers
Adipose – fat
Reticular – thin collagenous 3-D network; framework for organs

22. Types of Connective Tissue
Dense Connective Tissue – closely packed collagenous and elastic fibers; withstands pulling forces; poor blood supply and tissue repair

23. Types of Connective Tissue
Cartilage – rigid; support, framework, attachment, etc; abundant extracellular matrix; divides infrequently and heals slowly
Hyaline – fine collagenous fibers
Elastic – dense elastic fibers
Fibrocartilage – tough tissue; shock absorber

24. Types of Connective Tissue
Bone – most rigid; bone cells = osteocytes
Blood – transports materials; extracellular matrix = plasma; red, white, platelets

25. Types of Connective Tissue
Loose
Areolar
Adipose
Reticular
Dense
Cartilage
Hyaline
Elastic
Fibrocartilage
Bone
Blood

26. Understanding membranes
Epithelial membranes – thin, sheetlike structures covering body surfaces and lining body cavities
Serous membranes – secrete watery fluid; line cavities that lack an outside opening (thorax and abdomen)
Mucous membranes – goblet cells secrete mucus; digestive, respiratory, urinary, reproductive
Cutaneous membranes – skin
Synovial – lines joints

27. Mucle Tissue Able to contract
Cells – muscle fibers – shorten and thicken to move body parts
Three Types

28. Mucle Tissue Skeletal Attached to bones Voluntary Striations
Many nuclei in one cell

29. Mucle Tissue Smooth No striations
Walls of hollow organs – bladder, stomach, intestines, etc
Involuntary
One nucleus

30. Mucle Tissue Cardiac Only in the heart Striated Branched
Intercalated discs
Involuntary
One nucleus

31. Nervous Tissue Found in brain, spinal cord, and nerves
Neurons = basic cells;
Neuroglia = supportive cells
Coordinate, integrate, and regulate body functions

32. Nervous Tissue Don’t easily divide
Neurons
Don’t easily divide
Sense changes and transmit electrical impulses
Pic: red
Neuroglia
Divide easily
Nourish and support neurons
Pic: blue

33. Review Assignment Pg 114-115 Chapter Assessment Qs #2, 3, 6-19
Integrative Assessment/Critical Thinking #1-4