1. DNA DNA Structure Video Clip
DNA is the genetic information of all living things. It is stored in the nucleus of every cell and is organized into chromosomes. The information on DNA is determined by the sequence of a 4 “letter” alphabet. Similarly, English stores and transfers information with the English Language made up of 26 letter and computers use binary code with ones and zeros. DNA has a protective structural backbone with information stored inside, like a book has a cover and pages.
DNA Structure Video Clip

2. DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid Type of nucleic acid
What chromosomes (and genes) are made of
Made of repeating nucleotide subunits

3. DNA Structure Complementary Nitrogen Base Pairs Double Helix
Nucleotide
DNA is the genetic information of all living things. DNA is found in the nucleus of cells and organized into chromosomes. DNA is in a double helix structure, meaning it is 2-sided and twisted. DNA is made up of many nucleotides; one nucleotide contains a phosphate, a sugar and a nitrogenous base. The Backbone of the DNA is made of Phosphate and Sugar gives the DNA its structure. The Information on DNA is determined through the sequence of Nitrogenous Bases located in between the 2 backbones. There are 4 Nitrogenous bases: Adenine, Thymine, Guanine and Cytosine. Adenine and Thymine always bond to each other and Guanine and Cytosine always bond with each other; this is called complementary base pairing.
Backbone

4. DNA Structure
DNA is in a double helix structure, meaning it is 2-sided and twisted.
DNA is made up of many nucleotides; one nucleotide contains a phosphate, a sugar and a nitrogenous base.
The Backbone of the DNA is made of Phosphate and Sugar gives the DNA its structure.

5. DNA Structure
The Information on DNA is on the Nitrogen Bases in between the 2 backbones.
There are 4 Nitrogen bases: Adenine, Thymine, Guanine and Cytosine.
Adenine and Thymine always bond and Guanine and Cytosine always bond; this is called complementary base pairing.

6. Shape of DNA
Double helix: 2 spirals wound around each other

7. Rosalind Franklin x-ray diffraction image of DNA
Confirming helical structure of DNA

8. James Watson and Francis Crick
Interpreted the photo and discovered the double helix structure
They won a Nobel Prize

10. DNA Origami Coloring: (like text book) Adenine - Green Guanine - Red
Cytosine - Purple
Thymine - Yellow
Phosphate - Blue
Deoxyribose Sugar – White or Grey
Folding:
Solid Lines fold up into “mountains”.
Dotted Lines fold down into “valleys”.
Fold all vertical lines
Fold in half to form an I-beam and glue.
Fold all horizontal lines.
Fold all Diagonal lines.
Fold and hold each horizontal and diagonal lines forming a spiral.
Fluff out the out edges.

12. DNA Structure Explanation
Explain the structure of DNA
in sentence form.
Be sure to include all pieces from the FTF and connect sentences with transitions.

13. Edible DNA Model ? A T A G C G T C
Materials: 8 dots (2 of each color), 8 marshmallows, 8 fish, 2 skewers, 4 toothpicks
Back Bone
Nitrogen Bases
Complementary
Nitrogen Base Pairs
Nucleotide A T A ? G C G T C
Explain your model.

14. DNA Candy Model T A C G A T G C Make a candy model
Orally explain the model
Write down the explanation. C G A T G C

15. Cracking the Code of Life
Eric Lander describes the human genome as being like a parts list. How is the genome like a parts list?
To what degree are all humans identical at the genetic level?
About what percentage of genes in a banana are also in a human? Why is the figure so high?
In 1989, scientists discovered the first disease causing gene in humans, What was the disease? What was wrong with the gene?

16. Cracking the Code Con’t
It was long thought humans had around 100,000 genes. The initial survey of the human genome indicated that there were only about _____________genes in humans. What interesting fact about human genes allows humans to be so much more complex than something like a fruit fly?
Scientists working on HGP found that the chromosomes were not packed with one gene after another. How are genes distributed on the chromosomes? How much of the chromosomes are actually genes?

17. Protein Synthesis
DNA Transcription and Protein Assembly - YouTube

18. Replication Process by which DNA copies itself
DNA Polymerase
Enzyme- helps proof read each DNA strand
chromosomes copy themselves before mitosis and meiosis
Each new piece of DNA is made up of 1 old strand and 1 new strand

19. Replication DNA never leaves the nucleus
DNA is the master copy of the directions a cell needs to live so it needs to be protected.

20. Transcription RNA is a copy of DNA RNA: Ribonucleic acid
Go into cytoplasm
RNA Polymerase
RNA: Ribonucleic acid
You can always make more RNA, but not DNA

21. Transcription RNA is made from 1 gene in DNA
The type of RNA made is called mRNA (messenger RNA)
Sends message from DNA to the cytoplasm

22. Translation mRNA leaves nucleus mRNA attached to a ribosome
tRNA decodes the mRNA and brings amino acids to build the protein
Protein detaches from ribosomes