1. 25-1
Roots of the Cold War

2. Vocabulary sphere- area of interest or influence
hostile - unfriendly, opposing
iron curtain- way of referring to a barrier to understanding and information
satellite- country ruled by another nation
containment- to contain or limit
airlift- sending cargo planes to deliver tons of supplies to the people
veto- reject

3. Growing Distrust
Differences rose among the Allies even before the war ended
In the final months of war Churchill,Stalin, and Roosevelt met at a resort in the Soviet Union
There, Stalin promised to have free elections in the areas under his control
Soviet troops were occupying most of Eastern Europe
Instead of doing as he promised he continued to establish Communist governments, he realized free elections would mean non-Communists governments
He wanted to build a ring of friendly countries to protect the western borders of the SU
After the ring was built he hoped to make the SU the most dominant power
Churchill began warning about the Soviet threat
By 1948 most of the nations of Eastern Europe were satellites of the Soviet Union
Hostile threats of Communists were in Southern and Western Europe

4. Containing Soviet Expansion
The Cold War began when many Americans worried about the nation leadership
Harry Truman became president after Franklin Roosevelt died in April of 1945
Truman was not well known and as VP his leadership had not been tested
The first challenges with the Cold War he faced were in Greece, Iran, and Turkey
After the war Communists led a revolt in Greece, they threatened to take over the government
At the same time the Soviet government began to threaten Turkey and Iran

5. The Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan
In 1947, President Truman made a request to Congress to aid Greece and Turkey.
The U.S opposed this. The military aid could not contain communism.
They said the capitalist system was powerless.
After WWII Europe was in ruins.
For the Secretary of State George Marshall to meet this crisis they proposed a plan on June 1947
The U.S loaned the Western Europeans more than $12 billion
The plan was a success and it helped a lot of countries recover from the war.
The American dollars built schools, factories, hospitals, railroads, and bridges.

6. The Berlin Airlift The focus of the Cold War shifted to Germany
At the Yalta Conference the Allies decided to divide Germany into four zones
American, British, French, and Soviet troops would control the zones
Berlin, inside of the Soviet controlled zone, was also split into four zones
By 1948 Western powers believed it was time to put Germany back together
In June of 1948 the Soviets set up a blockade around Berlin
Prevented delivery of food to West Berlin’s two million people
Stalin said the Western Allies would accept the Communists take over of West Berlin
The Allies responded with a massive airlift, for almost one year they delivered
The Soviets finally stopped their blockade in May of 1949
In October France, Britain, and the US combined their zones into one country, the Federal Republic of Germany, or West Germany
The Soviet zone became the German Democratic Republic, or East Germany

7. Cold War Crisis
A divided, Germany and Berlin remained in a focus of Cold war
Between 1949 and 1961 East Germany fled to West Berlin
Suddenly the East German government began building a wall .
The wall stood for 28 years and symbols the divided Germany and Europe

8. The United Nations
The main goal in the UN was to maintain settle international disputes and peace
Every nation large or small will have a vote in the General Assembly, but the Assembly has no way to enforce its decisions
The Security Council has 15 members and only 5 of them are permanent ( U.S, Russia, China, Britain and France)
They have the power to veto(or reject) any proposal before it reaches the Security Council but only if one permanent votes no
The UN has provided tons of goods, clothing, and medicine to victims

9. NATO and the Warsaw Alliance
In April of 1949 the US and other Western nations made the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
A formal military alliance guard against a Soviet attack
Members agreed that an attack on one member would mean an attack on all members

10. The Shocks of 1949
Until the 1949 the U.S thought that they were safe because they knew how to build an atomic bomb.
By September 1949 the Soviet Union exploded there own bomb
Each Nation was within reach of power to destroy the other
Shortly after America got another shock
Since the 1930s China had been a battleground between the Chinese Nationalists and Communists
In the final months of 1949 the Nationalist government collapsed and China fell under the Communist control
Under the lead of Mao Zedong the People's Republic of China was establish
The Chinese Nationalist fled to the island of Taiwan
The US insisted that Taiwan was the legal government of China
It refused to recognize the People's Republic and kept the UN from admitting Communists China to its spot on the Security Council

11. By:
Otajia
&
Shawna