1. Quarter 4 Exam
General Science 1

2. On a graph, the x-axis will identify the ________________________________ variable, while the y-axis will identify the ____________________________________ variable.  
Independent; dependent

3. What is the ultimate energy source for plants and ecosystems?
The sun

4. What do green plants convert light energy into?
Chemical potential energy in the form of sugars

5. How do most cells release the energy stored in glucose?
Cellular respiration

6. What is a food chain? What is a food web?
A feeding relationship between a producer and a single chain of consumers; interactions between multiple food chains

7. What is a producer? What is a consumer?
A producer can make its own food; a consumer gets energy by consuming other organisms

8. What do Dot Diagrams represent?
Outer electrons (valence electrons)

9. Where are electrons located in the atom? Protons? Neutrons?
Electrons- in the electron cloud outside the nucleus
Protons and neutrons- in the nucleus

10. When is an atom considered chemically stable?
Its outer energy level contains all the electrons it can hold

11. Through which process are polysaccharides made- dehydration synthesis or hydrolysis? Explain.
Dehydration synthesis is the removal of water to form a bond between monomers to build polymers

12. Through which process are disaccharides changed to monosaccharides- dehydration synthesis or hydrolysis? Explain.
Hydrolysis is the addition of water to break bonds between monomers building the polymer

13. What are the four macromolecules?
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic acids

14. Which of the four macromolecules stores and transmits genetic information?
Nucleic acids

15. Hydrogen bonds allow water to have specific properties
Hydrogen bonds allow water to have specific properties. When water molecules stick to the side of the glass this is demonstrating…?
adhesion

16. What are the building blocks (monomers) of carbohydrates?
Monosaccharides like glucose

17. What are the monomers of a protein?
Amino acids

18. What does an enzyme do? Draw and label the parts of an enzyme.
Enzymes lower the activation energy required to convert reactants to products in biological reactions
A-enzyme
B-active site
C-substrate
D-enzyme -substrate complex
E-product

19. What is activation energy?
The energy required to convert reactants to products

20. What is pH?
A measure of the concentration of H+ ions in a solution

21. If a solution has more H+ than OH- ions, is it considered an acid or base?
More H+= acidic solution
More Oh- = basic solution

22. What are the characteristics of life?
All living things :
are made of cells, obtain and use energy, respond to their environment, grow and develop, are based on a universal genetic code, reproduce, and evolve

23. How many of the characteristics must an organism possess to be considered living?
All of the characteristics

24. What is biology?
The study of life

25. What causes an organism to react to its environment?
A stimulus

26. What is one word that describes change over time?
evolution

27. What type of reproduction involves a single parent producing genetically identical offspring?
Asexual reproduction

28. How are bacteria and archaea different?
The composition of their cell wall

29. How can prokaryotes survive unfavorable conditions?
They form an endospore

30. What do decomposers do?
They break down dead organisms and waste

31. What are the bacterial shapes and names?
Cocci-spherical
Bacilli-rod
Spirilla-spiral

32. What two characteristics distinguish prokaryotes from other organisms?
Unicellular and lack a nucleus

33. Which domain contains bacteria and archaea?
Prokaryote

34. Define: Obligate aerobe-Require oxygen; cellular respiration only   Obligate anaerobe-Require lack of oxygen; fermentation only   Facultative anaerobe-either process

35. What is binary fission?
prokaryotes double in size, replicate DNA, and split in two