1. Water’s Effects on Shaping the Earth’s Surface
10.4

2. Weathering The process of breaking down rock into smaller fragments
Two main types:
Physical Weathering: physical means such as being scratched by other rocks, not changing it’s composition
Chemical Weathering: a chemical reaction causing the rocks to decompose or break down

3. Physical weathering

4. Chemical Weathering

5. Biological Weathering
If physical weathering has occurred by an animal or plant: Biological weathering

6. Deposition
Rocks and sediments are carried away eventually are DEPOSITED somewhere else
Examples: Sand dunes and Deltas
Note: deposition is also a term for a change of state from Gas to Solid

7. Caves, Sink holes and Karst
Carbon dioxide is released from respiration
When rain water mixes with Carbon dioxide or from carbon in organic material -> the water becomes slightly acidic
Acidic rain water mixes with calcium carbonate in the ground which creates caves, sinkholes or karst

8. Karst
An area with many sink holes

9. Erosion by water and ice
Moving water
Fast moving rivers
Outside banks along the rivers
Ocean bluffs by wave action

10. Landslides
Erosion by gravity

11. Check Give two examples of physical weathering
Ice or Frost Wedging and Erosion
What forms when carbon dioxide mixes with water vapour?
Carbonic Acid (Acid rain)

13. Karst An area with many sinkholes.
A sinkhole is an area where rock has been broken down by acidic ground water and it is close to the surface. Eventually over thousands of years, the ground above collapse.
Vancouver Island and the Rocky Mountains have many Karsts
Carbonate rock that reacts with any acid in the ground water.

14. Feature Carved by Glacier
Description
Arete
Narrow ridge (high ground) between two cirques
Cirque
Bowl-shaped valley at the head of a glacier
Fiord
A narrow inlet of ocean between steep cliffs carved by glaciers
Hanging Valley
U-shaped valley cut off by a bigger valley created by a larger glacier
Horn
Pyramid-shaped peak located between three cirques

15. Deposited by water and ice
Feature deposited by a Glacier
Description
Erratic
Large boulder deposited on the ground by a glacier
Esker
Winding ridge of material deposited by a stream running under a glacier
Moraine
Ridge of rocky material deposited by a glacier. Moraines can be found at the sides and farthest advance of a glacier
Outwash
Material deposited by water from melting glacier