1. Types of Joints

2. Articular System – series of joints that allow movement
Arthrology – study of joints
Joint Articulation – the connecting point of two bones
Two functions: allow motion and provide stability

3. Name of the joints typically are a combination of the bones connected
Articulation can be:
Freely movable such as knee or hip
AKA: Synovial Joints and Diarthrosis
Slightly movable such as ribs to sternum
AKA: Cartilaginous Joints and Amphiarthroses
Immovable such as the skull
AKA: Fibrous Joints and synarthroses
Name of the joints typically are a combination of the bones connected
Ex. Sternoclavicular jont (sternum and clavicle)

4. Fibrous Joints Immobile
Held closely together and only separated by fibrous connective tissue
Bones very close contact

5. 3 Types of Fibrous Joints  Sutures
3 Types of Fibrous Joints  Sutures * thin layer of fibrous tissue unites bones * fuse completely by adulthood * only found in skull  Syndesmosis * slightly movable, connected by ligaments Ex: radius and ulna move as one  Gomphosis * fits in a socket, held by ligaments Ex: tooth in the alveolus socket

6. Cartilaginous Joints Slightly movable
Bones are connected by fibrocartilage (specialized connective tissue with thick fibers)
Example: Ribs to the sternum

7. Synovial Joints Move freely
Ends of bones are covered by articular cartilage
Separated by a joint cavity
Most frequently injured
Grouped in how they work

8. Components of joint enclosed in a joint capsule
Outer layer – ligaments holds bones together
Inner layer – synovial membrane produces synovial fluid

9. Synovial fluid: colorless, contains salts, fats, and other substances
Provides lubrication
Acts as a shock absorber and cushion between bones

10. Bursa – sac full of synovial fluid, reduces the friction between tendons, ligaments, & bones
Meniscus – cartilaginous disc surrounded with fluid to reduce friction during movement and adds stability

11. Pivot Joint Bones that move around a central axis
Creates a rotational movement

12. Gliding Joint Bones make a sliding motion
Move back & forth or side to side

13. Hinge Joint
One bone has a convex surface which fits into a concave surface on the other bone

14. Ellipsoidal (Condyloid) Joint
Bones can move in many directions but can not rotate

15. Ball & Socket Joint
One bone has rounded end that ends into a concave (socket) of another bone
Widest range of movement

16. Saddle Joint
Two bones with complementary shape, both have concave and convex regions