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Notes #1: Covalent Bonding/ Lewis Dot Structures
WCHS Chemistry NEED PERIODIC TABLE & A PENCIL!! QUIZ THURSDAY!
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QUICK REVIEW! Valence Electrons = Outermost electrons!
How to know how many…? GROUP NUMBER! Octet Rule = Atoms are most stable when surrounded by 8 valence electrons! Exceptions? H and He only have 2 What is an ion…? Charged atom! Write the formula for Sodium Oxide Na2O
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IONIC BONDS Electrons are gained or lost so opposite charges attract Charges must add up to be NEUTRAL! Typically involves a metal and a nonmetal Ex: NaCl, AlBr , MgF, KS, CaO, LiBr
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What about something like...
-1 -1 Cl Cl Cl2 7 v.e. 7 v.e. Covalent Bonding Involves the sharing of e- Typically only involves NONMETALS ****Hydrogen IS a nonmetal. Only wants 2 v.e.! 1s2 Ex: CO2 H2O O2 N2
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LEWIS DOT STRUCTURES: SINGLE ELEMENTS
Show an atom’s valence electrons! Rules for a single element: 1. Fill each side one at a time 2. Maximum of 2 e- on each side This can change ONLY when bonding!!!!! K Se Ne O Br P Al Mg
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LEWIS DOT STRUCTURES: COVALENT BONDS
Start with the element that wants the most e- Be prepared to move e- around to line up with others for sharing!!! Circle ALL of the e- for EACH element! They should have 8 (or 2) and line up
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Cl2 HCl
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CH4 O2
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N2
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