1. New Deal and the 1930s

2. 20th Amendment Twentieth Amendment (Lame-Duck Amendment)
made Jan. 20th date of presidential inauguration.

3. The New Deal The Election of Franklin Roosevelt
Inaugural address “the only thing we have to fear is fear itself.”
fireside chats – radio addresses to the country
New Deal = relief, recovery, & reform

5. First 100 days Bank Holiday- all banks closed for 4 days
Emergency Banking Act
inspection of banks before reopening
Effect: Success - deposits surpassed withdraws

6. Glass-Steagall Banking Act
Federal Deposit Insurance Corp.(FDIC)
Insured people’s $ in banks up to $5k
Securities Exchange Commission (SEC)
- regulate stock market
- regulate on margin loans

7. Federal Emergency Relief Admin. (FERA)
Relief & Creating Jobs
Federal Emergency Relief Admin. (FERA)
funds for relief agencies & public works programs

8. Civil Works Admin.(CWA) – builds roads, bridges, hospitals, etc.
Public Works Admin. (PWA) – builds roads, parks, railroads, bridges

9. Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)
maintained forests, beaches, & parks
2.5 million unmarried men
$30/m = $5 + $25 to family

10. Relief to Home Owners and Farmers
Homeowners Loan Corporation – low interest rates and emergency loans to stop foreclosures
Federal Housing Administration (FHA) – loans for low income families
Agricultural Adjustment Act – loans to farmers to save farms

11. Regulating the Economy Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)
built dams - provided power

12. The Second New Deal Focus on Reform
a. National Labor Relations Act (Wagner Act)
legalized collective bargaining

13. b. Works Progress Admin. - WPA
8 mil working on construction projects, and artistic works

14. c. Social Security - 3 types
1 Old age pensions-65yrs
2 unemployment insurance
3 aid for dependent children, blind & disabled

16. Does Too Much New Deal Criticism
Republicans opposed
New Deal goes too far.
Many wealthy people regard FDR as their enemy.
American Liberty League
limits individual freedom
unconstitutional & socialistic

17. Doesn’t Do Enough
Progressives & Socialists
Upton Sinclair - economic system must be reformed.

18. Demagogues
Father Coughlin - attacked FDR & Jews
Dr. Frances Townshend - called for monthly pensions for the elderly
Huey Long - LA gov. Called for a redistribution of wealth

19. lost popularity. Court Packing
FDR tried to add 6 extra judges to Supreme Ct.
Reason: to get Justices that would support New Deal programs.
unpopular w/Dems & Repub.
lost popularity.

20. End of the New Deal Recession of 1937 Why?
SS tax shrank people’s paychecks, thus spent less.
FDR cut government spending

21. African Americans in the 1930s
The struggle to give African Americans the rights they deserved grew in the 1930s.
Mary Bethune served in the National Youth Administration to help African American Youth.
Bethune also helped create the “Black Cabinet.”
This group assisted FDR on issues dealing with minorities.

23. Popular Culture Dorothea Lange – photographed the Depression
“Migrant Mother” photo
Mickey Mouse created

25. Entertainment in the 1930s Films
Gone with the Wind,
The Wizard of Oz
Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs
The Grapes of Wrath, John Steinbeck depicted the impact of the Great Depression on those living in Oklahoma.