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The Economics of Consumptive Use
Who Pays the Bills? Gary J. San Julian Professor Emeritus Penn State University
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Lets Talk About Recreational use of Wildlife and Fisheries
Hunting Fishing Wildlife viewing
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Hunter Spending 2011 to 2016 Expenditures Decreased 26% Participants
Days a field Decreased % Lowest level in 25 years
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Numbers of Hunters 14 million million
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Days of hunting 282 million million
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Total Expenses of hunters
36 billion billion
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Equipment for hunters 15 billion billion
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Trip related expenses for hunting
11 billion billion
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Hunting licenses, stamps and fees for hunters
986 million million
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Numbers of anglers 33 million million
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Days of angling 554 million million
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Total expenses for Anglers 2011 2016
44.7 billion billion
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Equipment for anglers 16.6 billion billion
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Trip Related expenses for anglers
23.3 billion billion
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Hunting licenses, stamps and fees for anglers
625 million million
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Numbers of Wildlife watchers
71.7 million million
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Days of wildlife watching
336 million million
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Total expenses of wildlife watchers
58.7 billion billion
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Equipment for wildlife watchers
29.1 billion billion
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Wildlife watchers licenses, stamps and fees to states 2016 2011
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Consumptive Use vs Non Consumptive
Consumptive- Harvest of plants or animals Non-Consumptive- Activities that enjoy nature without consuming the resources
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How do Hunters and Anglers Pay for Their Recreation?
And Our Conservation?
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Pittman-Robertson Act
Federal Aid 11% Federal excise tax on arms and ammunition Given back to the state on a formula based on land area and number of license sold 3 to 1 match on funds
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Dingell-Johnson Act 11% Federal excise tax
Federal Aid 11% Federal excise tax Formula based on 40% of land area and 60% on number of license sold 3 to 1 match for funds Wallop-Breaux Amendment Motor boats and motors Added education
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Non-consumptive Users
In most states, the majority of money for conservation comes from hunters and anglers dollars! Non-consumptive Users Generally speaking non-consumptive users do not: pay for conservation have a use tax on bird seed have a user fee on binoculars pay for land purchases pay for law enforcement
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Hunting’s Role in Wildlife Management
Majority of conservation funding is through hunting activities Hunting can be a viable tool for management The question then becomes….. If hunting goes away, who will pay for conservation and management of wildlife?????
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So how do we pay for a major portion of conservation if money are at best not meeting inflation?
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Do you have any ideas on how states have tried to support conservation funding?
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Ideas to increase participation
Hunter (adult) clinic for deer and then set up a hunt Family fishing days Mentored Youth hunts Youth turkey clinic and then a guided hunt Special hunts in state parks with a mentor Early turkey and duck day hunt for youth Free fishing on Mothers Day Reduce the age for getting hunting license
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How would you do it? What about non-game conservation funding?
How do we get a similar tax on wildlife watching equipment? What have we tried and why has it not worked? Tax on outdoor equipment Tax on gasoline for lawn equipment Tax check off for nongame species Teaming for wildlife
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Three states are using this plan
They use 1/8 of 1 percent of their sales tax revenues for conservation. Missouri started the process. Arkansas was next In Minnesota, they share it with the Art Foundation But it takes $$$ from other programs that tax revenues are used to support - - -
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Questions?? ??
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