1. Transmitting Pressure in Fluids
Section 6.2

2. Pascal’s Principle
When force applied to a confined fluid, an increase in pressure is transmitted equally to all parts.

3. Q: So what happens if we push down on the stopper even harder?
A: The pressure will still be equal on all parts of the container, it will just be LARGER

4. Force Pumps
A force pump causes a fluid to move from one place to another by increasing the pressure in the fluid
Example: Your heart is two force pump
One pump carries blood from the heart to the lungs to pick up oxygen
The other pump then carries the oxygenated blood to the rest of your body

5. Simple Hydraulic System
A simple hydraulic system consisting of two pistons and an oil-filler pipe connecting them.
If we push down on one side of the system, the other side rises to balance the pressure.

6. Hydraulic Systems
A hydraulic system can be used to multiply forces by applying the force to a small surface area.
The increase in pressure is then transmitted to another part of a confined fluid, which pushes on a larger surface area.

7. Hydraulic Multiplication
The piston on the right has a surface area nine times greater than the piston on the left. When force is applied to the left piston, it will move nine units for every one unit that the right piston moves, and the force is multiplied by nine on the right-hand piston.

8. Homework As your Output Part 1 Part 2 Part 3
Copy Figure 10 from page 186
Explain: How a hydraulic break system works.
Part 2
Read the section “Pascal’s Principle in Nature” on page 187 of your textbook
Copy Figure 11
Explain: How sea stars (or starfish) move.
Answer: Why are the tube feet considered a hydraulic device?
Part 3
Compare and Contrast: How is the braking system of a car similar to the water vascular system of a sea star?