1. Napoleon Bonaparte (This is an ID)

2. Dominated by the radical Jacobins
Review: There was growing instability in the French Revolutionary government in the 1790s
Dominated by the radical Jacobins
Much bloodshed and violence within France as the Jacobins put down all opposition
Constant state of war with other countries as France tried to export revolution to other nations and attack those who were conspiring against it

3. Napoleon rose to the rank of general and helped crush an uprising against the French government; Eventually he took control of the entire French army
1799: Napoleon led a coup (a military takeover of the government), declared himself Emperor, and established a dictatorship
Napoleon did have a new Constitution written for France that established a republic in theory, but he ran the country like a dictatorship

4. Why did the French people accept an emperor after fighting for democracy against King Louis XVI?

5. NAPOLEON PROVIDED POWER AND STABILITY AFTER 10 YEARS OF CHAOS
NAPOLEON ALSO CONTINUED THE REFORMS OF THE REVOLUTION

6. Napoleonic Code
NEW CLEAR AND CONSISTENT SET OF LAWS BASED ON THE IDEAS OF THE ENLIGHTENMENT
-One difference between it and the
Enlightenment: It placed the State above the
rights of the citizens (limited freedom of
speech and press, women lost rights)

7. Napoleon made peace with the Catholic Church
Continued wars with neighboring nations in effort to build an empire (dominated most of Europe)
France’s top enemy:
BRITAIN

8. Ways Napoleon fought Britain
Naval Invasion:
NAPOLEON ORDERED NAVAL ATTACK ON
BRITAIN—IT FAILED

9. Continental System:
NAPOLEON ORDERED EUROPEAN COUNTRIES
NOT TO TRADE WITH BRITAIN
—Also failed because of the strength of the
British Navy and the willingness of some
countries to violate the system

10. Downfall of Napoleon’s empire
Rebellion:
MANY NATIONS THAT HAD BEEN CONQUERED BY NAPOLEON REBELLED AGAINST HIS RULE; OTHERS JUST DIDN’T LISTEN TO HIS ORDERS

11. Alexander I and Russia
Alexander considered Napoleon a threat to Russia and Russia had been hurt by the Continental System, so Alexander withdrew from the Continental System and resumed trade with Britain
Napoleon invaded Russia

12. Scorched Earth Policy
The Russians burned and destroyed everything as they retreated so the French could not live off the land (the French troops were too far from France to be supplied from France)
The French were caught deep in Russia with no supplies when the Russian winter hit
Napoleon lost most of his army and was quickly attacked by other enemies

13. Exile:
NAPOLEON WAS DEFEATED AND FORCED
INTO EXILE
King Louis XVIII:
BROTHER OF KING LOUIS XVI WHO WAS
PLACED ON THE THRONE OF FRANCE TO
REPLACE NAPOLEON

14. Battle of Waterloo Napoleon escaped his exile and returned to France
He raised an army and marched toward Paris
He was defeated at Waterloo (in Belgium) by a coalition force led by the Duke of Wellington
Napoleon was returned to exile where he died of natural causes (some suggest he was poisoned)

15. Impact of Napoleon Did not allow true representative government
Did spread the ideas of the French Revolution throughout Europe (equality before law, religious toleration, advancement by merit rather than birth)
Established uniform set of laws and government, reformed taxes, promoted education, improved agriculture and industry