1. Latin American Independence

2. Mexican Independence Drive for independence started in 1810
Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla led the indigenous people against Spain
He was very radical, called for the death of Spaniards and called on the venerated Virgin of Guadalupe for his cause
Conservative creoles captured and executed him
But the day he started his revolt is still considered the principle national holiday of independence

3. End of Colonial Rule
1821- Augustin de Iturbide declared independence from Spain
Declared himself emperor of Mexico the same year, not a create administrator
1823- Creole elites deposed him and declared a republic
Southern Mexico declared their independence, formed a Central American Federation
1838- independent states appeared: Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua and Costa Rica

4. South American Independence
Simon Bolivar led a movement of independence in South America
In several countries such as Venezuela, Ecuador, and Peru
His goal was a to form a confederation of states much like the United States
But not all countries in South America wanted to join

5. Brazilian Independence
Royal court of Portugal exiled to Brazil due to Napoleon invading
The Portuguese King returned to Portugal leaving his son, Pedro, in charge
1821- demanded independence from Portugal
Pedro agreed
Declared independence attempting to name himself as emperor