1. Human reproduction

2. Female Reproductive System
Ovary—gland that produces “ova” or eggs and secretes estrogen and progesterone

3. Female Reproductive System
Ovary—gland that produces “ova” or eggs and secretes estrogen and progesterone
Fallopian Tube—tube that carries eggs and sperm and is where fertilization occurs

4. Female Reproductive System
Ovary—gland that produces “ova” or eggs and secretes estrogen and progesterone
Fallopian Tube—tube that carries eggs and sperm and is where fertilization occurs
Uterus—”womb”; hollow muscular organ in which a fertilized egg implants and is nourished until birth

5. Female Reproductive System
Ovary—gland that produces “ova” or eggs and secretes estrogen and progesterone
Fallopian Tube—tube that carries eggs and sperm and is where fertilization occurs
Uterus—”womb”; hollow muscular organ in which a fertilized egg implants and is nourished until birth
Endometrium—lining of uterus that grows a thick blood-rich tissue layer which either nourishes the developing fetus or is sluffed off during menstruation

6. Female Reproductive System
Cervix—strong muscular opening that protects the uterus during pregnancy and opens during childbirth to allow the fetus to pass

7. Female Reproductive System
Cervix—strong muscular opening that protects the uterus during pregnancy and opens during childbirth to allow the fetus to pass
Vagina—”birth canal”; passageway to and from the uterus for menstrual flow, sperm, or a fetus during birth

8. Ovulation and Fertilization
Ovulation—a mature ovum (egg) is released from the ovary about every days
Mature ova
Immature ova

9. Ovulation and Fertilization
Ovulation—a mature ovum (egg) is released from the ovary about every days
Fertilization—a sperm joins with the ova; cell division begins; within 1-2 days after ovulation
Mature ova
Immature ova

10. Fertilization

11. Ovulation and Fertilization
Ovulation—a mature ovum (egg) is released from the ovary about every days
Fertilization—a sperm joins with the ova; cell division begins; within 1-2 days after ovulation
Migration of fertilized ova down fallopian tube
Mature ova
Immature ova

12. Ovulation and Fertilization
Ovulation—a mature ovum (egg) is released from the ovary about every days
Fertilization—a sperm joins with the ova; cell division begins; within 1-2 days after ovulation
Migration of fertilized ova down fallopian tube
Implantation—fertilized ova attaches to the uterus wall, approximately days after ovulation
Mature ova
Immature ova

13. Implantation

14. Early Signs of Pregnancy
Symptoms are different from woman to woman and from one pregnancy to another
Some women begin to feel symptoms as early as a week after ovulation (or a week before a missed period
Home pregnancy tests are not always accurate; The only sure way to know if you are pregnant is by a blood test

15. Early Signs of Pregnancy
Missed period
Just “feeling” pregnant
Breast tenderness
Fatigue
Nausea
Frequent urination
Dizziness/fainting
Food cravings or aversions
Sensitivity to aromas
Morning sickness
Heartburn or constipation
Mood swings/irritability
Higher body temperature
Low back pain
Bloating or weight gain

16. Infertility
The inability to conceive a child

17. Infertility The inability to conceive a child Many causes:
40% due to female infertility
40% due to male infertility
20% unknown causes or linked to both partners

18. Infertility Treatments may vary based on the cause:
Medication to help ovaries produce ova
Medication to increase sperm count
Surgeries to remove blockages (ova or sperm)
Antibiotics to clear up infections
Behavioral treatments to help with sexual disorders

19. Infertility Other options:
See pg. 98 (new book) or pg. 120 (old book) to fill in the chart