1. (Also Called  Aerobic Respiration)
Cellular Respiration
(Also Called  Aerobic Respiration)

2. Equation for Respiration
C6H12O6  +  6O2   6CO2  +  6 H2O  + 36 ATP
(It is the opposite of photosynthesis)

4. Cellular Respiration
Catabolic process mitochondria use to break down glucose to produce ATP
3 Stages
Glycolysis – anaerobic
*Intermediate Step
2) Kreb’s Cycle – aerobic
3) Electron Transport Chain - aerobic
Aerobic = requires oxygen
Anaerobic = does not require oxygen

5. 1. Glycolysis Happens in the cytoplasm of a cell
Breaks down glucose (6C) molecule, into
2 pyruvate molecules (3C)
2 NAD+ convert to 2 NADH
2 ATP’s are used, and 4 ATP are produced
Overall, glycolysis produces only 2 ATP’s, which is NOT very efficient

6. Glycolysis happens in the cytoplasm, just outside of the mitochondria

7. *Intermediate Step
Both Pyruvates (3C) are converted to Acetyl CoA (2C)
1 CO2 is released from each pyruvate (2 total)
Happens in cytoplasm (near mitochondria)
Both Acetyl CoA’s are pumped into the matrix of the mitochondria to enter the Kreb’s Cycle

9. 2. Kreb’s Cycle (aka Citric Acid Cycle)
Happens in the matrix of mitochondria
An enzyme attaches acetyl-coA (2C) to a 4-carbon compound
This makes a 6-Carbon compound
The 6-Carbon compound is broken down into a 4-Carbon compound
CO2 is released
NADH, ATP, and FADH2 are all made

10. Kreb’s Cycle Happens in the matrix of Mitochondria

12. 3. Electron Transport Chain (ETC)
Happens in inner membrane (cristae) of mitochondria
NADH and FADH2 deliver excited electrons to the top of the chain
Electrons move down the chain and lose energy at each step
NADH is converted to NAD+ (energy released)
FADH2 is converted to FAD+ (energy released)

13. Electron Transport Chain’s Location

14. A simple example of an electron transport chain (ETC)

15. Where does “lost” energy go?
Energy is used to directly form ATP
Energy is used to pump H+ ions across inner membrane to form a concentration gradient. ATP forms when the H+ build up and cross the gradient = Chemiosmosis

16. Why is Oxygen Important?
Oxygen is the final electron acceptor and is why we need oxygen for respiration.
This oxygen reacts with the hydrogen ions and forms water. This is why you breathe out water.

18. How Much Energy Does Cellular Respiration Make?
C6H12O6  +  6O2   6CO2  +  6 H2O  +  36 ATP
Glycolysis
Citric Acid Cycle
ETC
2 ATP
32 ATP
= 36 ATP for all of respiration

19. Where Respiration Happens

20. Click HERE to see a video of the Electron Transport Chain
Click HERE to see a video of ATP Synthase
Click HERE to see a video of the Electron Transport Chain