1. Cell division – chapter 2 extra info

2. First: Everything you should know about DNA (for now)
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is the genetic material of living organisms.
DNA is made up of sugar (ribose) with phosphate groups – that makes the backbone.
The nitrogen bases form
“rungs” on a ladder. They
always pair up the same way.
The order in which the bases
are present determines
genetic information.

3. DNA
When DNA replicates (which it does in mitosis and meiosis, as you’ll see) – it unwinds and separates, like a zipper.
It separates in the rungs of the ladder, leaving the nitrogen bases unpaired. New nitrogen bases are found, and it zips back up, making two new complete strands of DNA. It’ll make more sense in a minute.

4. Chromosomes
Chromosomes are organized structures of DNA. They form out of the chromatin inside the nucleus.

5. 1. Cell division Key Concepts: Key terms:
What events take place during the 3 stages of the cell cycle?
Cell cycle
Cell phase
Replication
Mitosis
How does the structure of DNA account for how DNA copies itself?
Chromosomes
cytokinesis

6. Chromosomes – Organized structures of DNA. It is how DNA is packaged.

7. How many chromosomes do you got?
Sorry, do you haaaaave?
Living organisms have different amounts of chromosomes. Humans have 46 per cell (for non-sex, or body, cells).

8. Cell division - interphase
The cell cycle is a regular sequence of growth and division that eukaryotic (read: has a nucleus) cells undergo. Cells divide to increase their numbers, replace old cells, and to help an organism grow. This kind of cell division only occurs in non-sex, or body, cells.
Stage 1 is called interphase. During interphase, the cell grows, makes a copy of its DNA (unzips, finds new bases, and rezips!), and prepares to divide into two cells.

9. Parts of interphase
Growing – the cell grows to full size and produces the regular structures (mitochondria, etc)
Copying DNA – the cell makes a copy of its DNA (UNZIPPING AND REZIPPING!), called replication. DNA is found in the chromatin in the nucleus 
Preparing for division – The cell gets ready to divide. BY THE END OF INTERPHASE, THE CELL IS READY TO DIVIDE !

10. STAGE 2 - MITOSIS When interphase is complete, mitosis begins.
During mitosis, one copy of the DNA is distributed into each of the two daughter cells.
Mitosis is divided into four parts: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase.

11. Pg 99 of your book
has a very good
diagram

12. Stage 3 - Cytokinesis The final stage of the cell cycle.
During cytokinesis, the cytoplasm divides. The organelles are distributed into each of the two new cells.

13. Result of cell division
Two daughter cells with identical chromosomes to one another.
Don’t forget the three steps – interphase, mitosis, cytokinesis – and what they mean.

14. OMGGGG TOO MUCH INFOOO What should you know?
What chromosomes and DNA are – the genetic material (DNA) and that chromosomes are made up of DNA
The 3 stages of cell division for eukaryotic cells
The end result of the division is two identical daughter cells. THIS HAPPENS IN BODY CELLS WHEN THEY NEED TO REPLACE THEMSELVES OR GROW AN ORGANISM LARGER 