1. Cells and Systems
Chapter 1

2. Characteristics of Living Things
Living things share certain characteristics and have structures to perform functions.
Six characteristics of living things:
Are made of cells
Need energy
Grow and develop
Respond to the environment
Reproduce
Have adaptations for their environment.

3. Dead or Alive?
Living
Non-Living

4. Dead or Alive?
Living
Non-Living

5. Cells Basic unit of life
A cell can perform all the process that life depends on
All organisms are made up of at least one cell.
Some are single-celled organisms (unicellular) like amoeba and bacteria.
Others are multicellular (many cells) like humans and plants.

6. Dead cells Non-living things are not made of cells
EXCEPT: if the material was alive at one time. For example, a piece of wood.

7. Energy Everything an organism does requires energy.
Energy is the ability to make things move or change.
What are some things we use energy for?
Where do we get our energy?
What are other sources of energy?

8. Energy
Nutrients are substances that provide the energy and materials that organisms need to grow, develop, and reproduce.
There must be a balance between the energy-using processes and the energy- creating processes.
Metabolism is the sum of all the different processes that happen in an organism.

9. Responding to the environment
You step out onto the street and suddenly you see a moving car speeding toward you. What do you do?
A stimulus is something that causes a response in an organism. (In this case, the sight of the moving car.)
Jumping out of the way is a reaction or response to a stimulus.

10. Growth and Development
Seeds grow roots and produce stems and leaves
Your skin keeps replacing itself as it gets worn away
Some organisms change drastically when they grow. For example, with frogs:
egg –> tadpole (gills and tail) –> frog (lungs and limbs)

11. Reproduction
All living things come from other living things (reproduction)
Reproduction is not necessary for an organism to survive, but it is necessary for the survival of the species.

12. Adaptations
An adaptation is a characteristic that allows an organism to live in its environment.
For example: in the winter snowshoe hares grow a white coat to blend in with the snow and protect them from predators.

13. Adaptations
With a partner brainstorm some adaptations for each of the animals below.

16. Blood and Guts Galen lived from AD 129 to 216 in Rome
He was a doctor to the gladiators and eventually became the emperor’s doctor
While he was trying to heal their open wounds, he observed their internal organs

17. Blood and Guts
Because they bled so much he observed how blood flowed in the body.
Some of his ideas were bizarre: he thought the liver was the most important structure in the body because it was so big and had lots of tubes.

18. Organs Activity
What do you know about the body’s internal and external parts and how they work together?
In groups of 2-3 make a list of all the body parts that you can think of, both internal and external. Write each one on a post-it. Try to figure out how they work together to keep you alive.
Once your group has decided the pattern, create a concept map showing how the body parts are linked.