1. 7th Grade Unit 3: Cells
09/18/2017

2. Lesson 1: The Chemistry of Cells Pgs. 104-117
1. Atom
2. Element
3. Cell Theory
4. Organic Compound
5. Protein
6. Carbohydrate
7. Lipid
8. Nucleic Acid

3. Atom Pg. 106
Is the smallest particle into which an element can be divided and still be the same element.

4. Element Pg.106
Is A substance that is made entirely of one type of atom. Examples of elements are oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and hydrogen. These elements are common on earth. When Atoms of one or more elements joined together, they form a molecule. A molecule is a group of Atoms held together by attractive forces called chemical bonds. A molecule that contains at least two different elements is called a compound. Water molecules are compounds because each molecule contains one oxygen atom and two hydrogen Atoms.

5. Examples of Elements:

6. Examples of Molecules:

7. Examples of Compounds:

9. Cell Theory Pg.110
Discoveries of many scientists over many years left to development of cell theory. Cell Theory describes the basic characteristics of all cells and organisms. It is one of the foundational theories of modern biology

11. Cell Theory Part 1 All organisms are made of cells
Robert Hooke first described cells in1665, but in the early 1670s, Anton van Leeuwenhoek became the first person to report observations a living cells under a microscope. In 1839, Matthias Schleiden, a botanist, and Theodor Schwann, a physiologist, independently observe that plants and animals are made of cells. Together, their work showed that living things are made of cells. Further research has shown that all organisms are made of one or more cells.

13. Cell Theory Part 2 Cells come from existing cells
It was once believe that organisms could spontaneously grow from nonliving substances. In the 1840s, biologist Robert Remak observed cell growth in a fertilized chicken eggs and tadpoles. He proposed that cells grow only from existing cells. Remax findings were supported by Rudolph Virchow, who also argued again spontaneous growth. Virchow is credited with saying, " Where a cell arises, there a cell must previously have existed."

16. Prokaryotic Cells Pg.108

17. Eukaryotic Cells Pg. 108

20. Important Facts: The Cell is the basic unit of life.
Cells take in and use energy for life.
How do cells get energy? (All organisms take in energy from their environment to survive. For some organisms, that energy comes from eating other organisms. Photosynthetic organisms such as plants use the sun's light energy, carbon dioxide, and water to make energy rich sugar molecules that the plant cells can use later.)
Living Organisms break down the large molecules (of proteins, sugars and fats from food) to get energy.

21. Organic Compound Pg.113
Is a chemical compound that contains carbon atoms. All organic compounds must contain carbon atoms. The food you eat, the clothes you wear, and your books and writing instruments all contain at least one organic compound. Carbon atoms are able to form a diverse range of molecules by bonding to other atoms.

22. Organic Compound Pg.113

23. Protein Pg.114

24. Protein Pg.114

25. Carbohydrate Pg.114

26. Carbohydrate Pg.114

27. Carbohydrate Pg.114

28. Lipid Pg.115
Are molecules including fats, oils, waxes, and phospholipids. Lipids contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms arranged in branching chains. Lipids can not mix with water. Fats and oils are familiar types of lipids. At room temperature fats are usually solid and lipids are liquid.

29. Lipid Pg.115

30. Lipid Pg.115

31. Lipid Pg.115

32. Nucleic Acid Pg.115
a complex organic substance present in living cells, especially DNA or RNA, whose molecules consist of many nucleotides linked in a long chain.

33. Nucleic Acid Pg.115

34. Nucleic Acid Pg.115

35. Nucleic Acid Pg.115

36. Lesson 2: Cell Structure and Function Pgs. 118-129
1. Cytoskeleton
2. Mitochondrion
3. Ribosome
4. Endoplasmic Reticulum
5. Golgi Complex
6. Cell Wall
7. Vacuole
8. Chloroplast
9. Lysosome

37. Cytoskeleton Pg.121
Is throughout the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells. The cytoskeleton is a network of protein filaments that gives shape and support to cells. The cytoskeleton is also involved in cell division and in movement. It may help parts within the cell to move. Or it may form structures that help the whole organism to move.

38. Cytoskeleton Pg.121

39. Cytoskeleton Pg.121

40. Mitochondrion Pg.122
Is cellular respiration that occurs in an organelle. In cellular respiration, cells use oxygen to release energy stored in food. For example, cells break down the sugar glucose to release the energy stored in the sugar. The mitochondria then transfer the energy released from the sugar to a molecule called adenosine triphosphate, or ATP. Cells use ATP to carry out cell processes.

41. Mitochondrion Pg.122

42. Mitochondrion Pg.122

43. Ribosome Pg.122
Is the organelle that makes proteins by putting together chains of amino acids using instructions encoded in the cell’s DNA.

44. Ribosome Pg.122

45. Ribosome Pg.122

46. Ribosome Pg.122

47. Endoplasmic Reticulum Pg.123
Is the system of membranes near the nucleus in the cytoplasm. The ER assists in the production, processing, and transport of proteins and in the production of lipids.

48. Endoplasmic Reticulum Pg.123

49. Endoplasmic Reticulum Pg.123

50. Endoplasmic Reticulum Pg.123

51. Golgi Complex Pg.123
The membrane-bound organelle that packages and distributes materials such as proteins.

52. Golgi Complex Pg.123

53. Golgi Complex Pg.123

54. Golgi Complex Pg.123

55. Cell Wall Pg.124
In addition to the cell membrane, plant cells, have a cell wall. The cell wall is a rigid structure, which surrounds the cell membrane, identified by the yellow line around the plant cell. Cell walls provide support and protection for the cell. Plants don’t have a skeleton like many animals do, so they get their shape from the cell wall. The cells of fungi, archaea, bacteria, and some protists also have cell walls.

56. Cell Wall Pg.124

57. Cell Wall Pg.124

58. Cell Wall Pg.124

59. Vacuole Pg.124
Is a fluid-filled vesicle found in the cells of most animals, plants, and fungi. A vacuole may contain enzymes, nutrients, water, or wastes.

60. Vacuole Pg.124

61. Vacuole Pg.124

62. Vacuole Pg.124

63. Vacuole Pg.124

64. Chloroplast Pg.125
Are organelles where photosynthesis occurs.

65. Chloroplast Pg.125

66. Chloroplast Pg.125

67. Chloroplast Pg.125

68. Chloroplast Pg.125

69. Lysosome Pg.126
Are organelles that contain digestive enzymes, which break down worn-out or damaged organelles, waste materials, and foreign invaders

70. Lysosome Pg.126

71. Lysosome Pg.126

72. Animal and Plant Cell Project
Today you will complete a packet of animal and plant cell drawings, which you will color and label. We will then check and correct these as a class. To reinforce we learned and understand the parts of cells.
Then you will utilize your corrected packet and teamwork, to create posters which have correctly labeled, colored, and drawn examples of plant and animals cells. This is due next Tuesday.

73. Lesson 3 : Levels of Cellular Organization Pgs.132-143
Organism
Tissue
Organ
Organ System
Structure
Function

74. Organism Pg.134
Is a living thing that can carry out life processes by itself. There are organisms that exist as single cells and organisms that are composed of many billions of cells.

75. Tissue Pg.135
Is a group of similar cells that perform a common function. Humans and many other animals are made up of four basic types of tissue: Nervous, epithelial, connective, and muscle.

76. Organ Pg.136
A structure made up of a collection of two or more tissues that carries out a specialized function.

77. Organ System Pg.137
Is a group of two or more organs that work together to perform body functions. Each organ system has a specific job to do for the organism. For example, the stomach works with other organs of the digestive system to digest and absorb nutrients from food.

78. Structure Pg.138
Is the arrangement of parts in an organism or or an object. The structure of a cell, tissue, or organ then determines its function.

79. Function Pg.138
The activity of each part in an organism. In fact, the structure of any object can determine its function.