1. Biomedical Technology 1
Transgenic Animals
Biomedical Technology 1

2. Transgenic Animals
Are species that carry one or more genes from another species
Are important tools for research
Improving since the 1970s

3. Transgenic Animals
Species carry one or more genes from another species
Important tools for research

4. Transgenic Mice

5. Early Beginnings
Biotechnology--collection of scientific techniques that use living cells and molecules to make products and solve problems

6. Early Beginnings
used in selective breeding of livestock, controlled plant pollination, and microorganisms to bake bread, brew beer, and make cheese
first transgenic organisms were bacteria

7. Transgenic Animals
Transgenic organisms--organisms that contain another species genes within their chromosomes (includes bacteria, plants, microorganisms)

8. Transgenic Animals

9. mice sheep goats cows chickens pigs rabbits fish
Transgenic Animals
mice
sheep
goats
cows
chickens
pigs
rabbits
fish

10. Transgenic Animals-Benefits
Animal Models
Pharmaceutical production
Pharming--using transgenic animals to produce substances used in medicine
Organ donors
Livestock improvement

11. Transgenic Animals mice-they reproduce quickly small- easily housed
genetic makeup easily understood
lifespan 2-3 years allowing researcher to follow disease process from infancy to old age over a short period of time

12. Transgenic Animals
Xenograph--organ from another species-used for organ transplant
A xenograph from a pig can be transplanted in a human to replace a major blood vessel
biggest challenge to using a pig organ in a human is the risk for rejection

13. Transgenic Animals
Pigs carry few viruses or other infectious agents that can be transferred to the organ recipient as compared to nonhuman primates who harbor viruses such as Ebola
They reproduce quickly and have large litters
less social opposition to using pigs than nonhuman primates
Researchers are working on techniques to produce pigs whose organs look more “human” to our immune system

14. Livestock Improvement
Agricultural researchers realize transgenic technology can produce larger, leaner, more disease resistant livestock
Very expensive to do this
Concern about safety of meat or dairy from transgenic animals

15. Making a transgenic animal
The transgene which contains the DNA the scientist wants to transfer is constructed
The transgene is introduced into a single-cell embryo
The embryo is transferred to a surrogate mother of the same strain

16. Making of a transgenic animal

17. Making a transgenic animal
success rate of introducing transgenes into embryos is low
success rate decreases in mammals

18. Care of Transgenic Animals
animals do not require any special care
some are susceptible to disease

19. US Patent and Trademark Offices issues patents for transgenic animals
Government’s role
US Patent and Trademark Offices issues patents for transgenic animals
The only government policy is in the NIH Guidelines for Research Involving Recombinant DNA Molecules

20. Transgenic Animals-Glo Fish

21. Transgenic Animals Opposed to Transgenics In favor of Transgenics
believe the animals threaten our environment, health, and safety
powerful way to study numerous diseases
most companies do not want to purchase genetically modified produce
vital substances needed may soon be available
animal welfare groups feel gene manipulation will lead to increased animal suffering
organs for transplants
feel scientists are “playing God” and will move to human cloning
used to treat diseases

22. Future of Transgenic Animals
Current research limited to transferring a small amount of genes at a time
much work remains to be done to fine tune the techniques used
possible effects of foreign DNA remains a concern
transgenic animal models is an established part of biomedical research

23. Videos

24. The end