1. Kingdoms and States of Africa
Global Studies I

2. Ghana AD 500, emerged as a trading state Rulers were kings Economy
Protected by a well trained army
No laws
Economy
Based on trade
Exports: iron ore, gold, ivory, ostrich feathers, hides, and slaves
Imports: metal goods, textiles, horses, salt

3. Ghana Contributions iron tools and weapons camel caravan
people living in N. Africa could travel across the Sahara and interact with people in sub-Saharan Africa
expanded trade
different cultures came into contact

4. Mali established in the mid-13th century Rulers Sundiata Keita
“lion prince”
defeated the Ghanians in 1240
“father of his country”
united Mali
established strong government

5. Mali Mansa Musa created a strong central government
encouraged learning
imported scholars and books to encourage the study of the Quran
brought in architects to build mosques and palaces

6. Mali Economy Timbuktu farming trade
gold and salt
Timbuktu
One of the intellectual capitals of the Muslim world

7. Songhai Rulers Kossi Sunni Ali Muhammad Ture
established the kingdom in 1009
Sunni Ali
began expansion of the kingdom in 1464
Muhammad Ture
height of power
divided kingdom into provinces

8. Songhai Government Economy strong central government
provinces ruled by governors
Economy
trade
salt and gold
conquests

9. Bantu people spread iron smelting techniques across Africa
changed African agriculture and nutrition by growing new crops
Swahili
mixed African-Arabian culture
language that combined Bantu with Arabic words and phrases

10. States and Stateless Societies in South Africa
Until 11th century, most South Africans lived in stateless societies
group of independent villages organized by clans and led by a local ruler or clan head
Zimbabwe
1300 – 1450, wealthiest and most powerful state in South Africa
prospered from the gold trade