1. Plant and Animal Cells
Doing life’s Work

2. Organisms! Fungi Animal absorptive nutrition ingestive nutrition Plant
autotrophs
heterotrophs
E.g. Amoeba
Single-celled
organisms
Multicellular
organisms
Bacteria
Archaebacteria
prokaryotes
eukaryotes
Organisms

3. Types of cells animal cells plant cells bacteria cells Prokaryote
- no nucleus
Eukaryotes
- nucleus
animal cells
plant cells

4. Cell Size Comparison most bacteria eukaryotic cells Animal cell
Bacterial cell
Animal cell
most bacteria
1-10 microns
eukaryotic cells
microns
It has been estimated that there are 10 more cells in our body than there are stars in the Milky Way
micron = micrometer = 1/1,000,000 meter
diameter of human hair = ~20 microns

5. Why study cells? bodies are made up of cells
Cells  Tissues  Organs  Organ System  Organism
bodies are made up of cells
cells do all the work of life!

6. Our organelles do all these jobs!
The Jobs of Cells
Cells have 3 main jobs
make energy
need energy for all activities
need to clean up waste produced while making energy
make proteins
proteins do all the work in a cell, so we need lots of them
make more cells
for growth
to replace damaged or diseased cells
ATP
Our organelles do all these jobs!

7. Cells need POWER! Making energy
to fuel daily life & growth, the cell must…
take in food & digest it
take in oxygen (O2)
make ATP
remove waste
organelles that do this work…
cell membrane
vacuoles & vesicles
lysosomes
mitochondria
ATP

8. 1. Cell Membrane Function Structure separates cell from outside
phosphate “head”
1. Cell Membrane
Function
separates cell from outside
controls what enters or leaves cell
O2, CO2, food, H2O, nutrients, waste
recognizes signals from other cells
allows communication between cells
Structure
double layer of fat
phospholipid bilayer
receptor molecules
proteins that receive signals
lipid “tail”

9. 2. Vacuoles & Vesicles Function Structure moving material around cell
storage
Structure
membrane sac
small food particle
vesicles filled w/ digestive enzymes
vesicle
vesicle filled w/ digested nutrients

10. Food & Water Storage plant cells animal cells food vacuole
central vacuole

11. 3. Lysosomes Function digest food clean up & recycle Structure
used to make energy
clean up & recycle
digest broken organelles
Structure
membrane sac of digestive enzymes
3. Lysosomes
lysosomes
digesting broken organelles
vacuole
small food particle
digesting food

12. A Job for Lysosomes
6 weeks
15 weeks

13. ATP 4. Mitochondria Function Structure in both animal & plant cells
make ATP energy from cellular respiration
sugar + O2  ATP
fuels the work of life
Structure
double membrane
ATP
in both animal & plant cells

14. Plants make energy two ways!
ATP
Mitochondria
make energy from sugar + O2
cellular respiration
sugar + O2  ATP
Chloroplasts
make energy + sugar from sunlight
photosynthesis
sunlight + CO2  ATP & sugar
ATP = active energy
sugar = stored energy
build leaves & roots & fruit out of the sugars
sugar
ATP

15. Mitochondria are in both cells!!
animal cells
plant cells
chloroplast
mitochondria

16. Cells need workers = PROTEINS!
Making proteins
to run daily life & growth, the cell must…
read genes (DNA)
build proteins
structural proteins (muscle fibers, hair, skin, claws)
enzymes (speed up chemical reactions)
signals (hormones) & receptors
organelles that do this work…
nucleus
ribosomes
endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
Golgi apparatus

17. Proteins do all the work!
one of the major job of cells is to make proteins,
because…
proteins do all the work!
structural
enzymes
signals
receptors
DNA
proteins
cells

18. 1. Nucleus Function Structure control center of cell protects DNA
instructions for building proteins
Structure
nuclear membrane
nucleolus
ribosome factory
chromosomes
DNA

19. 2. Ribosomes Function Structure protein factories
read instructions on DNA and build proteins
Structure
some free in cytoplasm
some attached to ER
Ribosomes on ER

20. 3. Endoplasmic Reticulum
Function
works on proteins
helps complete the proteins after ribosome builds them
makes membranes
Structure
rough ER
ribosomes attached
smooth ER

21. 4. Golgi Apparatus Function Structure
finishes, sorts, labels & ships proteins
like UPS headquarters
shipping & receiving department
ships proteins in vesicles
“UPS trucks”
Structure
membrane sacs
vesicles
carrying proteins
transport vesicles

22. endoplasmic reticulum
DNA
RNA
ribosomes
endoplasmic reticulum
vesicle
Golgi apparatus
protein on its way!
protein
finished protein
Making Proteins
TO:
nucleus

23. Cells need to MAKE MORE CELLS!
Making more cells
to replace, repair & grow, the cell must…
copy their DNA
make extra organelles
divide the new DNA & new organelles between 2 new “daughter” cells
organelles that do this work…
nucleus
centrioles

24. 1. Centrioles Function Structure help coordinate cell division
only in animal cells
Structure
one pair in each cell

25. cell membrane
cell boundary
controls movement of materials in & out
recognizes signals
cytoplasm
jelly-like material holding organelles in place
mitochondria
make ATP energy from sugar + O2
nucleus
protects DNA
controls cell
ribosomes
builds proteins ER
helps finish proteins
makes membranes
Golgi apparatus
finishes, packages & ships proteins
lysosome
food digestion
garbage disposal & recycling
vacuole & vesicles
transport inside cells
storage
centrioles
cell division

26. central vacuole
storage: food, water or waste
mitochondria
make ATP in cellular respiration
chloroplast
make ATP & sugars in photosynthesis
cell wall
support
cell membrane
cell boundary
controls movement of materials in & out
recognizes signals
Golgi apparatus
finish & ship proteins
nucleus
control cell
protects DNA
endoplasmic reticulum
processes proteins
makes membranes
lysosome
digestion & clean up
ribosomes
make proteins
cytoplasm
jelly-like material
around organelles
nucleolus
make ribosomes

27. Our organelles do all those jobs!
Cell Summary
Cells have 3 main jobs
make energy
cell membrane
vacuoles & vesicles
lysosomes
mitochondria
make proteins
nucleus
ribosomes
endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
Golgi apparatus
make more cells
centrioles
Our organelles do all those jobs!

28. That’s my cellular story…
Any Questions?