1. The Jeffersonian Era Objectives:
Identify significant changes that occurred during Jefferson’s presidency.
Explain the causes and consequences of the War of 1812.
Summarize the ways in which nationalism shaped American foreign policy.

2. Jefferson’s Presidency
The Election of 1800
Thomas Jefferson (Democratic Republican) vs. John Adams (Federalist)
Jefferson defeated Adams, but his running mate, Aaron Burr, received the same number of electoral votes as Jefferson
House of Representatives broke the tie
Named Jefferson president and Burr vice-president
12th Amendment – Requires electors to cast separate votes for president and vice-president
Simplifying the Government
Jeffersonian Republicanism – Jefferson’s theory of government that held that people should control the government and that simple government best suited the needs of the people
Jefferson scaled back government and reduced costs

3. Jefferson’s Presidency
John Marshall and the Supreme Court
Before leaving office, President Adams tried to pack federal courts with Federalist judges
“Midnight Judges”
Jefferson, upon taking office, ordered his secretary of state James Madison to withhold these appointments
Marbury v. Madison (1803) – Chief Justice John Marshall declared that the part of the Judiciary Act of 1789 which would have forced the appointment of the “midnight judges” was unconstitutional
Established the Supreme Court power of judicial review
Judicial Review – The ability of the Supreme Court to declare a law unconstitutional
The Louisiana Purchase (1803)
Cost of $15 million
Doubled the size of the US

4. Madison and the War of 1812 Election of 1808 President James Madison
Causes of War of 1812
Between 1805 and 1814, France and Britain were at war with one another
This war threatened American shipping
Americans focused their anger on the British
Impressment – British practice of seizing Americans at sea and “impressing” or drafting them into the British navy

5. Madison and the War of 1812 The Course of the War
In 1812, Congress declared war on Britain
Despite this, America was ill-prepared for war
Fortunately; Britain was too preoccupied with Napoleon in Europe to pay much attention to America
British invaded and sacked Washington DC
Battle of New Orleans
Most impressive American victory of the war
Treaty of Ghent (1814) – Ended the War of 1812
Consequences of the War
Led to the end of the Federalist party who had opposed the war
Encouraged the growth of American industries to manufacture products no longer available because of the war
Confirmed that the US was a free and independent nation

6. Nationalism Shapes Foreign Policy
Election of 1816
President James Monroe
Foreign policy based on nationalism
Nationalism – Belief that national interests should be placed ahead of regional concerns
Territory and Boundaries
High on Adam’s list of national interests was the security of the nation and expansion of its territory
Convention of 1818 – Fixed the nation’s boundary at the 49th parallel from Michigan west to the Rocky Mountains
Adams-Onis Treaty (1819) – Transferred Florida from Spain to the US
The Monroe Doctrine
In the early 1800’s, European countries began to threaten American claims in the Western Hemisphere
Spain and Portugal tried to regain control of their colonies in Latin America
Russia claimed the 51st parallel as Alaska’s southern boundary
Monroe Doctrine (1823) – Warned European powers not to interfere with affairs in the Western Hemisphere
Europe should not try to establish new colonies in the Americas nor try to overthrow the newly independent republics formed there
In addition, America would not involve itself in the affairs of European countries