1. The Columbian Exchange

2. The Columbian Exchange
The Columbian Exchange was the transfer of peoples, plants, animals, and diseases between the Old World and the New World
Indigenous populations were decimated by epidemics caused by diseases brought by the Europeans.
Epidemics are widespread outbreaks of a particular disease occurring in a community at a particular time.
Small Pox arrived in the New World in % of the native population of Mexico and Central America died in the first smallpox outbreak. Within 100 years the native population of Central Mexico fell from an estimated 13 million to about 700,000.
Mayan and Inca populations declined by at least 75%
Brazil’s population fell by about 50%

3. I.The Columbian Exchange
C. This pattern of outbreak and death repeated as the French and English colonized North America 1. In 1617 and 1618 Epidemics nearly exterminated the indigenous population of New England 2. French fur traders carried epidemics as far as the Great Lakes. D. There is very little evidence that Europeans intentionally used disease as a tool of empire, but the effects of diseases like Small pox, influenza, typhus, and the measles were devastating. E. The introduction of European livestock also posed an environmental threat to native communities

4. The Columbian Exchange
Old World to New World:
New World to Old World:
Diseases:
Smallpox  Measles Chicken Pox Malaria Yellow Fever Influenza The Common Cold
Syphilis

5. The Columbian Exchange
Old World to New World:
New World to Old World:
Animals:
Horses  Cattle Pigs Sheep Goats Chickens
Turkeys Llamas Alpacas Guinea Pigs

6. The Columbian Exchange
Old World to New World:
New World to Old World:
Plants:
Rice  Wheat Barley Oats Coffee
Sugarcane Bananas
Melons Olives Dandelions Daisies Clover Ragweed Kentucky Bluegrass
Corn (Maize) Potatoes (White & Sweet Varieties) Beans (Snap, Kidney, & Lima) Tobacco Peanuts Squash Peppers Tomatoes
Pumpkins Pineapples Cacao (Source of Chocolate) Chicle (Source of Chewing Gum) Papayas Manioc (Tapioca) Guavas Avocados

7. The Middle Passage

8. Triangular Trade Europe to Africa: Iron Cloth Brandy Guns Gunpowder
Africa to the Americas:
African Slaves
The Americas to Europe/Asia:
Tobacco
Sugar
Coffee
The conditions of the Middle Passage were brutal and many Africans did not survive. It is estimated that between 2-4 million Africans died making the forced journey.