1. Metals

2. - The periodic table is split into 2 groups – metals & non-metals - Examples of metals: aluminium (Al)

3. iron (Fe) copper (Cu)

4. zinc (Zn) silver (Ag)

5. gold (Au)

6. - Examples of non-metals: hydrogen (H) carbon (C)

7. nitrogen (N) oxygen (O)

8. sulfur (S)

9. Uses
- Batteries (Li) - Jewellery (Ag, Au, Pt) - Street lights (Na) - Fertilisers (K)

10. Properties
- Shiny, lustrous appearance - Malleable – can be hammered into different shapes - Ductile – can be stretched into thin wires

11. - High melting & boiling points - Good conductors of heat & electricity - Can corrode – react with oxygen to form oxides

12. Alloys
- An alloy is a mixture of metals - Examples: bronze = copper & tin (statues)

13. brass = copper & zinc (instruments)

14. steel = iron & carbon (construction)

15. Solder = tin & lead (electrical circuits) - Alloys are harder & less likely to corrode than the metals they are made from

16. Rusting
- When a metal like iron (Fe) reacts with oxygen on the presence of water it forms iron oxide (rust) Fe + O FeO - The rusting of iron is a chemical process that changes it into a new substance, iron oxide

17. - Oxygen & water are necessary for rusting to occur - Corrosion by rusting is preventable: - painting - greasing/oiling - galvanising (coating a metal with zinc) - chromium plating (coating a metal with chromium)

18. Group I – Alkali metals
- They are in the same group so have the same properties: - easily cut with a knife - shiny when cut - less dense than water

19. - 1 electron in outer shell - reactivity increases down the group - stored under oil to prevent them reacting with oxygen & water in the air Alkali metals

20. - Alkali metals react with oxygen to form white oxides:
lithium + oxygen lithium oxide
sodium + oxygen sodium oxide
potassium + oxygen potassium oxide

21. - Alkali metals react with water to form a metal hydroxide & hydrogen gas:
lithium + water lithium hydroxide + hydrogen gas
sodium + water sodium hydroxide + hydrogen gas
potassium + water potassium hydroxide + hydrogen gas
- The hydroxide dissolves in the water to form an alkaline solution that turns litmus blue

22. - All metals react with an acid to form a salt & hydrogen gas
metal + acid salt + hydrogen gas
Zn HCl ZnCl2 + H2
zinc + hydrochloric zinc hydrogen
acid chloride gas

23. Activity series
- Some metals are more reactive than others, e.g., calcium, magnesium, zinc & copper
- The activity series is a list of metals in order of decreasing reactivity:
K, Na, Ca, Mg, Al, Zn, Fe, Pb, Cu, Hg, Ag, Au
most reactive least reactive