1. Unit 1: Atoms, Elements, and Compounds
Grade 9 Science
Unit 1: Atoms, Elements, and Compounds

2. Grade 9 Science... Unit 1
Chapter 1: Atomic theory explains the composition and behaviour of matter.

3. Lab Safety... A Review Safety MUST be your top priority.
Know them before you do the lab and use them while doing the lab.

4. Complete activity 1-1A pg. 9
Laboratory Safety
Complete activity 1-1A pg. 9

5. Safety Rules for the Science Lab pages 10-11
General
Glassware
Chemicals
Hot plates and open flames
Electrical equipment

6. W workplace H hazardous M materials I information S system
WHMIS... Page 12
W workplace H hazardous M materials I information S system

8. Hazard Symbols... Page 13
Dangerous Container
Dangerous Contents

9. Properties of Matter Matter is anything that has mass and volume.
Mass is the amount of matter in a substance or object.
Volume is the amount of space a substance or object occupies.

10. Matter is made up of elements.
Elements are substances that contain one type of matter and cannot be broken down or separated into simpler substances.

12. Describing Matter
1. Physical Properties pg. 18
Characteristics of matter that are often observed or measured.
Can be either qualitative (observed) or quantitative (measured).

13. Color
Malleability
Lustre
Conductivity
Boiling point
Melting point
Texture
Magnetism
Density

14. 2. Chemical Properties pg. 19
Observed when substances react with each other.
Determines a substances usefulness.

15. Reactivity Combustibility Toxicity
The degree to which substances combine to form new compounds
Combustibility
The degree to which substances combine with oxygen (burn)
Toxicity
The degree to which a chemical is poisonous to living things

16. Core Lab Activity 1-2C pg. 20
Physical and Chemical Properties

17. Theory vs. Law A theory is less well supported than a law.
Theories try to explain observations
Examples:
Theory of Evolution
Theory of plate tectonics

18. Most laws are supported by different and robust experimental evidence.
Laws only tell what happens, not why it happens
Examples:
Law of Gravity
Newtons Laws of Motion

19. Atomic Theory The descriptions of matter and how it behaves.
Has undergone many modifications as new facts became available.

20. Early ideas years ago
Empedocles: matter was composed of four “elements”; earth, air, water, and fire.

21. Democritus: eventually a substance will be cut into a piece that can no longer be cut. He called this piece atomos.

22. Development of Atomic Theory
John Dalton ( )
Billiard Ball Model
He suggested that the particles that make up matter are like small, hard spheres that are different for different elements.
He defined an atom as the smallest particle of an element.

23. Dalton’s Model... Billiard Ball Model

24. J.J. Thomson ( )
Raisin Bun Model
He suggested that all atoms must contain electrons (negative charge).
His model pictured a positively charged ball with the negatively charged electrons embedded in it.

25. Thomson’s Model... Raisin Bun Model

26. Ernst Rutherford ( )
Planetary Model
He discovered that atoms have a nucleus.
There are two kinds of particles in the nucleus; protons (positive charge) and neutrons (neutral).

27. Rutherford’s Model... Planetary Model

28. Niels Bohr ( )
Orbital Model
He proposed that electrons surround the nucleus in specific energy levels or shells.
Each electron has a particular amount of energy.

29. Bohr’s Model... Orbital Model

30. Rutherford was able to develop Thomson’s model due to the development of new technologies. (gold foil experiment)
The development of cyclotrons and proton accelerators have further developed the model accepted today.

31. Summary...

32. Inside the Atom Subatomic Particle Charge Mass Location Proton (p+) +
Large
Nucleus
Neutron (n)
Electron (e-) -
very small
Energy levels

33. The Atom