1. Changes in Ecosystems: Ecological Succession
Bozeman Science – ecological succession

2. Definition: Sequence of changes that: Regenerates a damaged community
Creates a community in a previously uninhabited area.

3. Primary Succession
Ecosystem is established in an area that was previously uninhabited.
1. Bare rock is exposed.
2. Pioneer species (first organisms in an area) such as lichen and moss blow in, break down rock to form soil.

4. Lichen
Symbiotic relationship between fungi and algae ( or cyanobacteria)
Algae photosynthesize and provide food for the fungi.
Fungi provide protection and CO2 for the algae.

5. Soil Formation
Weathering of the rock also forms soil. (wind, freezing and thawing of water in cracks, erosion.)

6. Primary Succession
3. Seeds blow in, small flowers, shrubs grow.

7. Primary Succession
4. Simple plants die, soil thickens. Small trees grow, provide shade for new tree species to grow.

9. Secondary Succession A damaged ecosystem is reestablished.
Cause of damage includes floods, fires, and landslides.

10. Climax Community
Final stage of ecological succession in which a relatively constant environment is reached.
Generally consists of large trees.

11. Phosphorus Cycle
Most phosphorus is stored in sedimentary rock which must be released (through erosion) before it can be used.
Phosphorus is released into soil and water.
Plants take up phosphate.

12. Phosphorus Cycle (cont.)
4. Animals get phosphorus by eating plants 5. Phosphates return to the environment when organic materials (including urine & feces) are decomposed

13. Phosphorus Cycle
Phosphorus sinks to the bottom of lakes & oceans where it compresses to form rock
Phosphorus is returned to soil when organic materials break down
Phosphorus is eroded from rock and dissolved in water or incorporated into the soil
Plants are eaten by consumers
Plants absorb the Phosphorus