1. Agenda To Get: To Do: Handouts off back shelf Opener
Lecture: Three Stages of Memory
Memory Test/s – Short Term
Writing Activity

2. Opener Part I:
Write down one of the five number sequences from last class…
Opener Part II: Draw a chair in the space below. Be as detailed as you can, think of a SPECIFIC chair.
(do you, don’t look at your neighbor’s or worry about their chair)

3. Three Stages of Memory
We do not store in our memory everything we experience
We can only take in and remember so much
The three stages of memory are:
Sensory Memory
Short Term Memory (STM)
Long Term Memory (LTM)

4. Sensory Memory First stage of memory
Immediate, initial recording of information experienced via the senses
Memory trace – impression made on our senses by an image; lasts only a fraction of a second.
To remember a memory trace we must do something with the information immediately.
All of our senses have registers
Icons – mental pictures of images (photographic)
Eidetic imagery – TRUE photographic memory – only 5% of population, usually lost by adolescence.
Echoic memory – mental traces of sounds, last longer than memory traces – means acoustic codes are more effective than visual codes

5. Short Term Memory (STM)
Created when we pay attention to iconic and echoic memories
Also known as working memory
Type of memory we use most of the time
Primacy and Recency Effects
Primacy – we recall initial items in a series
More time to rehearse and minds are fresher when we see or hear them
Recency – we recall the last items in a series
Most recent thing process by our minds
Tends to mean items in the middle of a series are likely forgotten
Chunking
Organization of items into familiar or manageable units (OTTFFSSENT rule, Fibonacci sequence, birthdays, etc.)
Interference
When new information takes the place of items already in short term memory
Three letter experiment activity
Three letter experiment – give three letters – who can remember? Give three new letters, count backwards from 142 by threes, 142, 139, 136, 133, etc., now how many of you remember? 100% versus less than half – after 18 seconds almost no one (round 3)

6. KBT

8. VCF

10. MDO

11. Short Term Memory Test

13. Add up the total.
Any guesses how many objects there actually were?

14. Short Term Memory Test

15. Short Term Memory Quiz Part II

16. When can short term memory be a problem?
Eyewitness Clips

17. Long Term Memory (LTM) Third and final stage of memory of information
Active steps as discussed last class, create LTM
Maintenance rehearsal, elaborative rehearsal
LTM contains more information than a computer hard drive
Words, sights, sounds, pictures, smells, tastes, and touches (things a computer can’t even process or save)
Capacity of Memory
Unknown limit to LTM
Experiences are not stored permanently
More likely to remember things that capture our attention/interest
LTM are the memories/experiences that have had the greatest impact on us

18. Long Term Memory (LTM) Memory as Reconstructive
Memories are reconstructed from bits and pieces of our experience
Shaped by the personal and individual ways we see the world; based on our own beliefs and needs
Explains siblings remembering the SAME events differently
Schemas
Mental representations that we form of the world by organizing bits of information into knowledge
Look at your chair drawing – compare to others
Schemas influence both the ways we perceive things and the ways our memories store what we perceive.

19. Writing Activity - Memory
Writing Activity: Think of a POSITIVE LTM that you remember often. Something that motivates you, makes you smile or has shaped your personality.
Be as detailed as possible with your description of your memory. How old were you? Who was there? What was the weather like, what time of year was it?
Consider all five senses; sight, hearing, touch, taste and smell.
Brainstorm! Have the above worked out labeled, spider diagram, whatever.
25 points! (out of 100 total once we complete the assignment!)

20. Example - Football Homecoming 1995

22. red

23. green

24. blue

25. brown

26. yellow

27. purple